To theoretically substantiate the preparation for an active old age, as regards gerontological hygiene and social gerontology, we can refer to the four crucial points of our research results. 1. The basic mechanisms of aging are biological-genetically controlled; speed, type and forms of manifestation, however, can be essentially influenced by the environment 2. Regarding the factors of influence we must differentiate between negative and positive features to ensure the desired course of the aging process in accordance with the basic needs by controlling and regulating it 3. For working women and men of pre-pensionable and pensionable age, from the present state of the motivation structure the complex of material and ideological contents of preparatory measures can be derived relating both to the transition to pensionable age and to organizing a creative and active old age 4. Geropsychohygiene and health education rank high in the structure of all-social health protection; for they are suited to improve health, capability, and joy of living, and to help prevent losses and decompositions in the psychophysical field.