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The percutaneous absorption of hydroquinone (HQ) through rat and human skin in vitro. 1995

E D Barber, and T Hill, and D B Schum
Health and Environment Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, NY 14652-6272, USA.

Because of the potential for human contact with photographic developer solutions containing hydroquinone (HQ), the rates of percutaneous absorption of HQ through human stratum corneum and full-thickness rat skin have been measured in vitro using 5% aqueous solutions of HQ as the donor solutions. The studies were performed using infinite doses of aqueous solutions containing 14C-labeled HQ in Franz-type diffusion cells. The measured absorption rate (mean +/- S.D.) of HQ through human stratum corneum was 0.52 +/- 0.13 micrograms/cm2/h, while that for full-thickness rat skin was 1.1 +/- 0.65 micrograms/cm2/h. The ratio (rat/human) of the permeability constants (Kp) was 2.4. Using the definitions suggested by Marzulli et al. (1969) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. Suppl. 3, 76-83, HQ would be classified as 'slow' with respect to its absorption through human stratum corneum.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007700 Kinetics The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D008297 Male Males
D010781 Photography Method of making images on a sensitized surface by exposure to light or other radiant energy. Photographies
D011916 Rats, Inbred F344 An inbred strain of rat that is used for general BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH purposes. Fischer Rats,Rats, Inbred CDF,Rats, Inbred Fischer 344,Rats, F344,Rats, Inbred Fisher 344,CDF Rat, Inbred,CDF Rats, Inbred,F344 Rat,F344 Rat, Inbred,F344 Rats,F344 Rats, Inbred,Inbred CDF Rat,Inbred CDF Rats,Inbred F344 Rat,Inbred F344 Rats,Rat, F344,Rat, Inbred CDF,Rat, Inbred F344,Rats, Fischer
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D006873 Hydroquinones Derivatives of hydroquinone (1,4-dihydrobenzene) made by reduction of BENZOQUINONES. Quinol,p-Dihydroxybenzenes,para-Dihydroxybenzenes,Quinols,p Dihydroxybenzenes,para Dihydroxybenzenes
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012867 Skin The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.
D012869 Skin Absorption Uptake of substances through the SKIN. Absorption, Skin,Intracutaneous Absorption,Intradermal Absorption,Percutaneous Absorption,Transcutaneous Absorption,Transdermal Absorption,Absorption, Intracutaneous,Absorption, Intradermal,Absorption, Percutaneous,Absorption, Transcutaneous,Absorption, Transdermal,Absorptions, Intracutaneous,Absorptions, Intradermal,Absorptions, Percutaneous,Absorptions, Skin,Absorptions, Transcutaneous,Absorptions, Transdermal,Intracutaneous Absorptions,Intradermal Absorptions,Percutaneous Absorptions,Skin Absorptions,Transcutaneous Absorptions,Transdermal Absorptions
D012996 Solutions The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Solution

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