Biomaterial Database

Survival of UV-irradiated vaccinia virus in normal and xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts; evidence for repair of UV-damaged viral DNA. 1994

B Klein, and A R Filon, and A A van Zeeland, and A J van der Eb

Laboratory for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Leiden University, The Netherlands.

Vaccinia virus replicates in the cytoplasm of cells from a large number of vertebrates and is independent of most or all cellular enzymes and factors needed for DNA replication and gene transcription. To investigate whether vaccinia virus is also independent of nucleotide excision-repair enzymes present in the nucleus, we have investigated the host-cell reactivation of UV-irradiated virus in normal human fibroblasts and fibroblasts from various xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) complementation groups (A, C, D, G and XP-variant). It was found that the survival of UV-damaged vaccinia virus is the same in the normal and all UV-sensitive cell strains tested, suggesting it is independent of host-cell excision-repair enzymes. This agrees with results of Lytle et al. (1972), but is in conflict with data from Závadová (1971). The D37 of vaccinia virus survival is approximately 7 J/m2 in all cells tested, indicating that in normal cells vaccinia virus is very sensitive to ultraviolet light. We also found that cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers disappear from parental viral DNA strands, suggesting that vaccinia DNA is subject to some form of DNA repair. The implications of these results are discussed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D011740	Pyrimidine Dimers	Dimers found in DNA chains damaged by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They consist of two adjacent PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOTIDES, usually THYMINE nucleotides, in which the pyrimidine residues are covalently joined by a cyclobutane ring. These dimers block DNA REPLICATION.	Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer,Cyclobutane-Pyrimidine Dimer,Cytosine-Thymine Dimer,Pyrimidine Dimer,Thymine Dimer,Thymine Dimers,Cyclobutane-Pyrimidine Dimers,Cytosine-Thymine Dimers,Thymine-Cyclobutane Dimer,Thymine-Thymine Cyclobutane Dimer,Cyclobutane Dimer, Thymine-Thymine,Cyclobutane Dimers, Thymine-Thymine,Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers,Cytosine Thymine Dimer,Cytosine Thymine Dimers,Pyrimidine Dimer, Cyclobutane,Pyrimidine Dimers, Cyclobutane,Thymine Cyclobutane Dimer,Thymine Thymine Cyclobutane Dimer,Thymine-Cyclobutane Dimers,Thymine-Thymine Cyclobutane Dimers
D002460	Cell Line	Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.	Cell Lines,Line, Cell,Lines, Cell
D004171	Diploidy	The chromosomal constitution of cells, in which each type of CHROMOSOME is represented twice. Symbol: 2N or 2X.	Diploid,Diploid Cell,Cell, Diploid,Cells, Diploid,Diploid Cells,Diploidies,Diploids
D004249	DNA Damage	Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.	DNA Injury,DNA Lesion,DNA Lesions,Genotoxic Stress,Stress, Genotoxic,Injury, DNA,DNA Injuries
D004260	DNA Repair	The removal of DNA LESIONS and/or restoration of intact DNA strands without BASE PAIR MISMATCHES, intrastrand or interstrand crosslinks, or discontinuities in the DNA sugar-phosphate backbones.	DNA Damage Response
D004279	DNA, Viral	Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.	Viral DNA
D005347	Fibroblasts	Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.	Fibroblast
D005816	Genetic Complementation Test	A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.	Allelism Test,Cis Test,Cis-Trans Test,Complementation Test,Trans Test,Allelism Tests,Cis Tests,Cis Trans Test,Cis-Trans Tests,Complementation Test, Genetic,Complementation Tests,Complementation Tests, Genetic,Genetic Complementation Tests,Trans Tests
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia