Biomaterial Database

Cadmium toxicity to rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum and brown trout Salmo trutta L. over extended exposure periods. 1994

V Brown, and D Shurben, and W Miller, and M Crane

Ecotoxicology and Biodegradability Group, WRc Medmenham, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom.

The toxicity of cadmium in water is well known, but there have been few reports on the long-term effects of this metal on fish at concentrations near the European inland water standard of 5 micrograms Cd liter-1. This paper describes experiments in which adult rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta were exposed to cadmium concentrations near water quality standard levels for periods of up to 90 weeks. The survival and growth of these fish were assessed, and sperm and eggs were stripped from them to conduct early-life-stage tests. Continuous exposure of rainbow trout adults to cadmium concentrations of up to 5.5 micrograms Cd liter-1 did not affect their survival or growth. However, eggs obtained from rainbow trout exposed to 1.8 and 3.4 micrograms Cd liter-1 failed to develop to the fry stage. Oogenesis appeared to be delayed in brown trout exposed to 9.3 and 29.1 micrograms Cd liter-1, but the eggs and fry that were produced developed normally after fertilization. Adult brown trout suffered considerable mortality in the 29.1 micrograms Cd liter-1 treatment, with a median period of survival of 54 weeks.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D001835	Body Weight	The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	Body Weights,Weight, Body,Weights, Body
D002104	Cadmium	An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.
D005260	Female		Females
D005854	Germ Cells	The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms at various stages during GAMETOGENESIS.	Gamete,Gametes,Germ-Line Cells,Germ Line,Cell, Germ,Cell, Germ-Line,Cells, Germ,Cells, Germ-Line,Germ Cell,Germ Line Cells,Germ Lines,Germ-Line Cell
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014337	Trout	Various fish of the family SALMONIDAE, usually smaller than salmon. They are mostly restricted to cool clear freshwater. Some are anadromous. They are highly regarded for their handsome colors, rich well-flavored flesh, and gameness as an angling fish. The genera Salvelinus, Salmo, and ONCORHYNCHUS have been introduced virtually throughout the world.	Chars,Salvelinus,Char
D014874	Water Pollutants, Chemical	Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.	Chemical Water Pollutants,Landfill Leachate,Leachate, Landfill,Pollutants, Chemical Water
D015996	Survival Rate	The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.	Cumulative Survival Rate,Mean Survival Time,Cumulative Survival Rates,Mean Survival Times,Rate, Cumulative Survival,Rate, Survival,Rates, Cumulative Survival,Rates, Survival,Survival Rate, Cumulative,Survival Rates,Survival Rates, Cumulative,Survival Time, Mean,Survival Times, Mean,Time, Mean Survival,Times, Mean Survival
D017686	Oncorhynchus mykiss	A large stout-bodied, sometimes anadromous, TROUT found in still and flowing waters of the Pacific coast from southern California to Alaska. It has a greenish back, a whitish belly, and pink, red, or lavender stripes on the sides, with usually a sprinkling of black dots. It is highly regarded as a sport and food fish. Its former name was Salmo gairdneri. The sea-run rainbow trouts are often called steelheads. Redband trouts refer to interior populations of rainbows.	Salmo gairdneri,Steelhead,Trout, Rainbow,Trout, Redband,Rainbow Trout,Redband Trout,Steelheads

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