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In this study we investigated the proliferation of three well-documented MM lines and 10 bone marrow samples from myeloma patients in response to rh-SCF alone and combined with Interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-3 and IL-3/GM-CSF fusion protein PIXY 321. Neoplastic plasma cells were highly purified (> 90%) by immunomagnetic depletion of T, myeloid, monocytoid and NK cells. The number of S-phase cells was evaluated after 3 and 7 d of liquid culture by the bromodeoxyuridine (BRDU) incorporation assay. The proliferation of RPMI 8226 and U266 cell lines was also assessed by a clonogenic assay. All the experiments were performed in serum-free conditions. RPMI 8226 cell line was not stimulated by SCF which also did not augment the proliferative activity of IL-6, IL-3 and PIXY-321. Conversely, SCF addition resulted in 2.4-fold increase of the number of U266 colonies and in a higher number of U266 and MT3 cells in S-phase (24.5 +/- 2% SEM v 14.5 +/- 1% SEM and 32 +/- 3% SEM v 21 +/- 4% SEM, respectively; P < 0.05). The c-kit ligand also enhanced the proliferation of MT3 and U266 cells mediated by the other cytokines. Anti-SCF polyclonal antibodies completely abrogated the proliferative response of MT3 cells to exogenous SCF and markedly reduced the spontaneous growth of the same cell line. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction amplification (RT-PCR) did detect SCF mRNA in MT3 and RPMI 8226 cells. Moreover, secreted SCF was found, in a biologically active form, in the supernatant of the two cell lines by the MO7e proliferation assay. When tested on fresh myeloma samples, SCF increased the number of S-phase plasma cells (4.7 +/- 1.6% v 3.4 +/- 1.3% in control cultures: P = 0.02). Significant proliferation was also induced by IL-6 (7 +/- 2.3% of BRDU+ cells; P = 0.006), IL-3 (5.3 +/- 1.3%; P = 0.01) and PIXY-321 (5.4 +/- 1.6%; P = 0.02). The addition of SCF significantly enhanced the proliferation of myeloma cells responsive to IL-6. In summary, our results indicate that SCF is expressed in MM cells and stimulates the proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells.
R M Lemoli, and
A Fortuna, and
A Grande, and
B Gamberi, and
L Bonsi, and
M Fogli, and
M Amabile, and
M Cavo, and
S Ferrari, and
S Tura
January 2011,
European journal of ophthalmology,
R M Lemoli, and
A Fortuna, and
A Grande, and
B Gamberi, and
L Bonsi, and
M Fogli, and
M Amabile, and
M Cavo, and
S Ferrari, and
S Tura
January 1993,
Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine,
R M Lemoli, and
A Fortuna, and
A Grande, and
B Gamberi, and
L Bonsi, and
M Fogli, and
M Amabile, and
M Cavo, and
S Ferrari, and
S Tura
August 2001,
British journal of cancer,
R M Lemoli, and
A Fortuna, and
A Grande, and
B Gamberi, and
L Bonsi, and
M Fogli, and
M Amabile, and
M Cavo, and
S Ferrari, and
S Tura
May 2000,
Development (Cambridge, England),
R M Lemoli, and
A Fortuna, and
A Grande, and
B Gamberi, and
L Bonsi, and
M Fogli, and
M Amabile, and
M Cavo, and
S Ferrari, and
S Tura
September 1995,
British journal of haematology,
R M Lemoli, and
A Fortuna, and
A Grande, and
B Gamberi, and
L Bonsi, and
M Fogli, and
M Amabile, and
M Cavo, and
S Ferrari, and
S Tura
January 1994,
Archives of dermatological research,
R M Lemoli, and
A Fortuna, and
A Grande, and
B Gamberi, and
L Bonsi, and
M Fogli, and
M Amabile, and
M Cavo, and
S Ferrari, and
S Tura
November 1994,
The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society,
R M Lemoli, and
A Fortuna, and
A Grande, and
B Gamberi, and
L Bonsi, and
M Fogli, and
M Amabile, and
M Cavo, and
S Ferrari, and
S Tura
January 1998,
International journal of cancer,
R M Lemoli, and
A Fortuna, and
A Grande, and
B Gamberi, and
L Bonsi, and
M Fogli, and
M Amabile, and
M Cavo, and
S Ferrari, and
S Tura
June 2014,
International journal of hematology,
R M Lemoli, and
A Fortuna, and
A Grande, and
B Gamberi, and
L Bonsi, and
M Fogli, and
M Amabile, and
M Cavo, and
S Ferrari, and
S Tura
March 1994,
Cytokine,
