Biomaterial Database

Sidestream cigarette smoke exposure and airway reactivity during early life. 1994

Y L Lai, and A Thacker, and C G Gairola

Division of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington 40536.

We established a guinea pig model to investigate effects of in utero and neonatal exposure to sidestream cigarette smoke (SSCS) on bronchial reactivity during early life. Animals were divided into four groups: 1) room air/room air, 2) sham/sham, 3) SSCS/room air, and 4) SSCS/SSCS. Pregnant and neonatal animals of group 1 breathed room air and those of group 2 were sham treated. Pregnant animals of both groups 3 and 4 as well as neonates of group 4 were exposed to SSCS. SSCS exposure was limited to between days 28 and 55 of pregnancy and days 8 and 24 of the neonatal period. Bronchial response to acetylcholine (ACh) and substance P (SP) were determined in very young animals at 25 days of age. Maximal expiratory flow was used as an index of airway dimension. SP, but not ACh, induced a significantly larger decrease in peak maximal expiratory flow in group 4, indicating an important role of neonatal SSCS exposure in augmenting bronchial response to SP. To further investigate the role of tachykinins in cigarette smoke-induced changes in bronchial reactivity, four additional groups (the same as above) of neonates were pretreated with capsaicin to deplete tachykinins. In the SSCS/SSCS group, SP-induced airway hyperreactivity was abolished by capsaicin pretreatment. Furthermore, in all four groups, capsaicin pretreatment abolished the bronchial response to SP but not the response to ACh. In additional very young animals, acute SSCS caused a nonsignificant increase in bronchial response to SP. These results indicate that chronic neonatal SSCS exposure induces bronchial hyperreactivity to SP; this hyperreactivity is abolished by capsaicin pretreatment.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008449	Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume Curves	Curves depicting MAXIMAL EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE, in liters/second, versus lung inflation, in liters or percentage of lung capacity, during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination. Common abbreviation is MEFV.	Maximal Expiratory Flow Volume Curves
D010865	Pilot Projects	Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.	Pilot Studies,Pilot Study,Pilot Project,Project, Pilot,Projects, Pilot,Studies, Pilot,Study, Pilot
D011247	Pregnancy	The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	Gestation,Pregnancies
D011297	Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects	The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH.	Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure,Late Effects, Prenatal Exposure
D012119	Respiration	The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (	Breathing
D001835	Body Weight	The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	Body Weights,Weight, Body,Weights, Body
D001980	Bronchi	The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into BRONCHIOLES and PULMONARY ALVEOLI.	Primary Bronchi,Primary Bronchus,Secondary Bronchi,Secondary Bronchus,Tertiary Bronchi,Tertiary Bronchus,Bronchi, Primary,Bronchi, Secondary,Bronchi, Tertiary,Bronchus,Bronchus, Primary,Bronchus, Secondary,Bronchus, Tertiary
D002211	Capsaicin	An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.	8-Methyl-N-Vanillyl-6-Nonenamide,Antiphlogistine Rub A-535 Capsaicin,Axsain,Capsaicine,Capsicum Farmaya,Capsidol,Capsin,Capzasin,Gelcen,Katrum,NGX-4010,Zacin,Zostrix,8 Methyl N Vanillyl 6 Nonenamide,NGX 4010,NGX4010
D005260	Female		Females
D006168	Guinea Pigs	A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.	Cavia,Cavia porcellus,Guinea Pig,Pig, Guinea,Pigs, Guinea