Production of transforming growth factor alpha by human leukemia cells (HL-60 and U-937) during monocytic differentiation. 1995

T M Walz, and C Malm, and B K Nishikawa, and K Willander, and S Wingren, and A Wasteson
Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linköping, Sweden.

We have previously demonstrated that human promyelocytic HL-60 cells express transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) during granulocytic differentiation. The present experiments were carried out in order to determine whether cells differentiated towards monocytes/macrophages will analogously express the TGF-alpha proto-oncogene product. HL-60 cells were induced to differentiate with 1 microM 1,alpha 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (vitamin D3), and the human monocytoid cell line, U-937, was induced with 1 microM retinoic acid (RA), 0.1 microM vitamin D3, or 0.16 microM phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), ie experimental protocols known to induce monocyte/macrophage differentiation in these cells. In HL-60 cells, lacking constitutive TGF-alpha mRNA, vitamin D3 caused expression of the TGF-alpha gene and protein as demonstrated by Northern blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA). In U-937 cells, showing constitutive TGF-alpha expression, RA but not vitamin D3 or PMA, caused marked increase in TGF-alpha mRNA (approximately 5-fold) and protein (approximately 3-fold) levels. In both cell lines the increase in TGF-alpha mRNA was evident within 24 h and continued throughout the observation period. Thus, it is established that differentiation of human leukemia cells towards monocytes/macrophages may be accompanied by TGF-alpha gene and protein expression in vitro. This is in conformity with the observed ability of mature activated macrophages to produce TGF-alpha.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009000 Monocytes Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles. Monocyte
D002117 Calcitriol The physiologically active form of vitamin D. It is formed primarily in the kidney by enzymatic hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (CALCIFEDIOL). Its production is stimulated by low blood calcium levels and parathyroid hormone. Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and in concert with parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption. 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol,1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3,1, 25-(OH)2D3,1,25(OH)2D3,1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol,1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3,1 alpha, 25-dihydroxy-20-epi-Vitamin D3,1,25(OH)2-20epi-D3,1,25-dihydroxy-20-epi-Vitamin D3,20-epi-1alpha,25-dihydroxycholecaliferol,Bocatriol,Calcijex,Calcitriol KyraMed,Calcitriol-Nefro,Decostriol,MC-1288,MC1288,Osteotriol,Renatriol,Rocaltrol,Silkis,Sitriol,Soltriol,Tirocal,1 alpha,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3,1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol,1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3,1,25 dihydroxy 20 epi Vitamin D3,Calcitriol Nefro,D3, 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin,D3, 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin,D3, 1,25-dihydroxy-20-epi-Vitamin,KyraMed, Calcitriol,MC 1288
D002454 Cell Differentiation Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs. Differentiation, Cell,Cell Differentiations,Differentiations, Cell
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000090063 Proto-Oncogene Mas A protein that is encoded by the MAS1 gene. It is a receptor for ANGIOTENSIN 1-7 and acts as an antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN-2 TYPE 1 RECEPTOR. C-Mas Protein,II-Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Cellular,Mas Protein,Mas1 Protein,Proto-Oncogene Protein Mas,Proto-Oncogene Proteins C-Mas-1,C Mas Protein,C-Mas-1, Proto-Oncogene Proteins,Cellular II-Proto-Oncogene Proteins,II Proto Oncogene Proteins, Cellular,Mas, Proto-Oncogene,Protein Mas, Proto-Oncogene,Protein, C-Mas,Protein, Mas,Protein, Mas1,Proteins, Cellular II-Proto-Oncogene,Proto Oncogene Mas,Proto Oncogene Proteins C Mas 1
D012333 RNA, Messenger RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm. Messenger RNA,Messenger RNA, Polyadenylated,Poly(A) Tail,Poly(A)+ RNA,Poly(A)+ mRNA,RNA, Messenger, Polyadenylated,RNA, Polyadenylated,mRNA,mRNA, Non-Polyadenylated,mRNA, Polyadenylated,Non-Polyadenylated mRNA,Poly(A) RNA,Polyadenylated mRNA,Non Polyadenylated mRNA,Polyadenylated Messenger RNA,Polyadenylated RNA,RNA, Polyadenylated Messenger,mRNA, Non Polyadenylated
D012334 RNA, Neoplasm RNA present in neoplastic tissue. Neoplasm RNA
D013997 Time Factors Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations. Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor
D014212 Tretinoin An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE). Retinoic Acid,Vitamin A Acid,Retin-A,Tretinoin Potassium Salt,Tretinoin Sodium Salt,Tretinoin Zinc Salt,Vesanoid,all-trans-Retinoic Acid,beta-all-trans-Retinoic Acid,trans-Retinoic Acid,Acid, Retinoic,Acid, Vitamin A,Acid, all-trans-Retinoic,Acid, beta-all-trans-Retinoic,Acid, trans-Retinoic,Potassium Salt, Tretinoin,Retin A,Salt, Tretinoin Potassium,Salt, Tretinoin Sodium,Salt, Tretinoin Zinc,Sodium Salt, Tretinoin,Zinc Salt, Tretinoin,all trans Retinoic Acid,beta all trans Retinoic Acid,trans Retinoic Acid
D015214 Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic Surface antigens expressed on myeloid cells of the granulocyte-monocyte-histiocyte series during differentiation. Analysis of their reactivity in normal and malignant myelomonocytic cells is useful in identifying and classifying human leukemias and lymphomas. Differentiation Antigens, Myelomonocytic,Myelomonocytic Differentiation Antigens,Antigens, Myelomonocytic, Differentiation,Antigens, Myelomonocytic Differentiation

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