Biomaterial Database

Clinical use of the newer antipsychotic drugs. 1995

P J Perry

College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City 42242-1123, USA.

The clinical use of clozapine and risperidone is reviewed. Traditional antipsychotic drugs are effective for treating the positive symptoms of schizophrenia but have little or no effect on the negative symptoms of this disease. Newer antipsychotic agents, such as clozapine and risperidone, are effective for treating both positive and negative symptoms in acutely ill and treatment-resistant patients. Clozapine and risperidone also have a lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) than traditional antipsychotic drugs. Three hypotheses have been proposed to account for the newer agents' ability to relieve negative symptoms: (1) Improvement in negative symptoms may be linked to improvement in positive symptoms. (2) Negative symptoms may improve in the absence of the EPS often caused by traditional agents. (3) The newer antipsychotic agents may directly affect the neural circuits that trigger negative symptoms.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007555	Isoxazoles	Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.	Isoxazole
D008297	Male		Males
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D010880	Piperidines	A family of hexahydropyridines.
D002986	Clinical Trials as Topic	Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.	Clinical Trial as Topic
D003024	Clozapine	A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.	Clozaril,Leponex
D005260	Female		Females
D005569	Formularies as Topic	Works about lists of drugs or collections of recipes, formulas, and prescriptions for the compounding of medicinal preparations. Formularies differ from PHARMACOPEIA in that they are less complete, lacking full descriptions of the drugs, their formulations, analytic composition, chemical properties, etc. In hospitals, formularies list all drugs commonly stocked in the hospital pharmacy.
D006220	Haloperidol	A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)	Haldol
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man