Biomaterial Database

Biological effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP). II. Acute toxicity of DEP introduced into lung by intratracheal instillation. 1995

T Ichinose, and A Furuyama, and M Sagai

Research Team for Health Effects of Air Pollutants, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan.

Histopathological examination and cytological analyses in bronchial alveolar lavage fluids (BALF) were performed to clarify the acute toxicity of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) introduced into the lung of ICR mice by intratracheal instillation. Activated charcoal (Norit) was intratracheally administered as a control for non-oedemagenic carbon particles. After administration of two doses (0.4 mg or 0.8 mg per mouse) of DEP, lung water contents increased with instillation dose and with time and increased 1.9 and 2.7-fold, respectively, compared to control animals 24 h after the administration of DEP. In contrast, the instillation of Norit had no effect on the increase in water contents. An inflammatory response in lungs was observed by an increase of inflammatory cells in BALF from mice instilled with DEP. The degree of increase in neutrophils of BALF from mice treated with DEP was much greater than in mice treated with Norit. An intense color of MB-pigment, which showed the extent and degree of endothelial cell injury, was found up to 4 h after administration of DEP. Histopathologically, the disruption of capillary endothelial cells, the detachment from their basement membrane and necrosis, disruption and desquamation of type I pneumocytes were observed, 6 h after the injection of DEP, by electron microscopy. An influx of neutrophils into alveoli, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, perivascular oedema and bronchiolar cell hypertrophy were detected between 18 and 24 h after DEP administration. However, the magnitude of these appearances was greater in mice treated with 0.8 mg of DEP than in mice treated with 0.4 mg. The administration of Norit caused an increase of alveolar macrophages and slight infiltration of neutrophils into the alveolar air spaces and alveolar septa in the animals and had no effects on the bronchioles. These results may suggest that damage of capillary endothelial cells and type I pneumocytes are the earliest changes of lung toxicities by DEP and these cell injuries lead to alveolar oedema and the subsequent inflammatory response.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007442	Intubation, Intratracheal	A procedure involving placement of a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose in order to provide a patient with oxygen and anesthesia.	Intubation, Endotracheal,Endotracheal Intubation,Endotracheal Intubations,Intratracheal Intubation,Intratracheal Intubations,Intubations, Endotracheal,Intubations, Intratracheal
D008168	Lung	Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.	Lungs
D008297	Male		Males
D008813	Mice, Inbred ICR	An inbred strain of mouse that is used as a general purpose research strain, for therapeutic drug testing, and for the genetic analysis of CARCINOGEN-induced COLON CANCER.	Mice, Inbred ICRC,Mice, ICR,Mouse, ICR,Mouse, Inbred ICR,Mouse, Inbred ICRC,ICR Mice,ICR Mice, Inbred,ICR Mouse,ICR Mouse, Inbred,ICRC Mice, Inbred,ICRC Mouse, Inbred,Inbred ICR Mice,Inbred ICR Mouse,Inbred ICRC Mice,Inbred ICRC Mouse
D011650	Pulmonary Alveoli	Small polyhedral outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles through the walls of which gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood takes place.	Alveoli, Pulmonary,Alveolus, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Alveolus
D011654	Pulmonary Edema	Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	Wet Lung,Edema, Pulmonary,Edemas, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Edemas,Lung, Wet,Lungs, Wet,Wet Lungs
D001992	Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid	Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. It is generally used to assess biochemical, inflammatory, or infection status of the lung.	Alveolar Lavage Fluid,Bronchial Lavage Fluid,Lung Lavage Fluid,Bronchial Alveolar Lavage Fluid,Lavage Fluid, Bronchial,Lavage Fluid, Lung,Pulmonary Lavage Fluid,Alveolar Lavage Fluids,Bronchial Lavage Fluids,Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids,Lavage Fluid, Alveolar,Lavage Fluid, Bronchoalveolar,Lavage Fluid, Pulmonary,Lavage Fluids, Alveolar,Lavage Fluids, Bronchial,Lavage Fluids, Bronchoalveolar,Lavage Fluids, Lung,Lavage Fluids, Pulmonary,Lung Lavage Fluids,Pulmonary Lavage Fluids
D004727	Endothelium	A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR), lymph vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, LYMPHATIC), and the serous cavities of the body.	Endotheliums
D000704	Analysis of Variance	A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.	ANOVA,Analysis, Variance,Variance Analysis,Analyses, Variance,Variance Analyses
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia