The need for frequent retreatment is a disadvantage of using endoscopic laser therapy (ELT) alone for palliative treatment of esophageal carcinoma. In this prospective study, therefore, we investigated the potential and feasibility of combining ELT with a self-expanding metallic stent (Wallstent). Twelve patients received ELT followed by stent placement (stent group) and were compared with 39 patients receiving ELT alone (ELT group). Swallowing ability was similar in the two groups. About one-third of the patients who had a short life expectancy, did not appear to benefit from stenting, whereas the interval between retreatments was prolonged by a factor of 2-4 in the remaining patients. Median survivals were 5.5 (range 1.0-23.5) months in patients with stents, and 4.5 (range 1.2-24.6) months in patients without stents. There were few complications related to stenting. In one patient, technical problems caused stent dislodgement into the stomach. Another stent patient died of hemorrhage from an untreated tumor in the stomach, but it was considered unlikely that the bleeding was caused by the stent. In conclusion, this preliminary trial suggests that a Wallstent endoprosthesis, used in combination with laser treatment, may become a valuable tool for prolonging the dysphagia-free interval in selected patients.