Biomaterial Database

[Fine structure or retina in Chiroptera (author's transl)]. 1978

G Romita Azzali

The retina of Chiroptera, studied during the various seasons of the year, appears well developed, and provided with morphological and structural characters very near to the humans and other mammalians. The retina of Chiroptera it is composed of five layers: 1) it is composed exclusively by rods: his morphological behaviour has been yet described in other night life birds and mammalians (e.g. mice and guinea pigs (Hollenberg e Bernstein), 2) plexiform layer, composed by rod's prolongations and by bipolar cells that there form conventional synapsis and mainly ribbon synapsis, 3) horizontal and amacrine bipolar cells and the middle portion of Müller's cells, 4) inner plexiform layer with conventional type synapsis, 5) layer of the ganglionar cells and of the enlarged prolongations of the inner portion of Müller's cell. The prolongations are separated from the vitreous body by basement membrane. After a detailed description of the elements constituent the different retina's layer, the Author asserts that remarkable qualitative, quantitative and season variations were not found. The inner granular layer as well as the middle part of the Müller's cells, is composed by three different types of cells: horizontal, amacrine, bipolar, which have all the characters of a typical nervous cell. Granules found in pigmented cells how a structural range of variations linked more with the different stages of maturation than with the variety of species investigated. Citoplasmatic polarity of the granules and mytochondria concentration were not noticed as, on the contrary, in other mammalians. The Author emphasizes pynocitosis phenomena both a level of the inner and outer surface of pigmented cells, and at the level of the most outer prolongations of Müller's cell: those cytologic aspects seem to witness a possible transfer of liquids, salts and metabolites from capillaries of the choroid to photoreceptors. Moreover the total absense of blood capillaries in all five layers of the retina is emphasized.he

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010786	Photoreceptor Cells	Specialized cells that detect and transduce light. They are classified into two types based on their light reception structure, the ciliary photoreceptors and the rhabdomeric photoreceptors with MICROVILLI. Ciliary photoreceptor cells use OPSINS that activate a PHOSPHODIESTERASE phosphodiesterase cascade. Rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells use opsins that activate a PHOSPHOLIPASE C cascade.	Ciliary Photoreceptor Cells,Ciliary Photoreceptors,Rhabdomeric Photoreceptor Cells,Rhabdomeric Photoreceptors,Cell, Ciliary Photoreceptor,Cell, Photoreceptor,Cell, Rhabdomeric Photoreceptor,Cells, Ciliary Photoreceptor,Cells, Photoreceptor,Cells, Rhabdomeric Photoreceptor,Ciliary Photoreceptor,Ciliary Photoreceptor Cell,Photoreceptor Cell,Photoreceptor Cell, Ciliary,Photoreceptor Cell, Rhabdomeric,Photoreceptor Cells, Ciliary,Photoreceptor Cells, Rhabdomeric,Photoreceptor, Ciliary,Photoreceptor, Rhabdomeric,Photoreceptors, Ciliary,Photoreceptors, Rhabdomeric,Rhabdomeric Photoreceptor,Rhabdomeric Photoreceptor Cell
D010857	Pigment Epithelium of Eye	The layer of pigment-containing epithelial cells in the RETINA; the CILIARY BODY; and the IRIS in the eye.	Eye Pigment Epithelium
D010873	Pinocytosis	The engulfing of liquids by cells by a process of invagination and closure of the cell membrane to form fluid-filled vacuoles.	Pinocytoses
D012160	Retina	The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.	Ora Serrata
D002462	Cell Membrane	The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.	Plasma Membrane,Cytoplasmic Membrane,Cell Membranes,Cytoplasmic Membranes,Membrane, Cell,Membrane, Cytoplasmic,Membrane, Plasma,Membranes, Cell,Membranes, Cytoplasmic,Membranes, Plasma,Plasma Membranes
D002685	Chiroptera	Order of mammals whose members are adapted for flight. It includes bats, flying foxes, and fruit bats.	Bats,Flying Foxes,Horseshoe Bats,Pteropodidae,Pteropus,Rhinolophus,Rousettus,Bat, Horseshoe,Bats, Horseshoe,Foxes, Flying,Horseshoe Bat
D003593	Cytoplasm	The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)	Protoplasm,Cytoplasms,Protoplasms
D003594	Cytoplasmic Granules	Condensed areas of cellular material that may be bounded by a membrane.	Cytoplasmic Granule,Granule, Cytoplasmic,Granules, Cytoplasmic
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012621	Seasons	Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)	Seasonal Variation,Season,Seasonal Variations,Variation, Seasonal,Variations, Seasonal