Left ventricular mechanoenergetics during asynchronous left atrial-to-aortic bypass. Effects of pumping rate on cardiac workload and myocardial oxygen consumption. 1995

O Kawaguchi, and W E Pae, and W B Daily, and J S Sapirstein, and W S Pierce
Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State University, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey 17033, USA.

The purpose of this study was to analyze left ventricular energetics during asynchronous, pulsatile left atrial to aortic bypass in the failing heart with the use of the pressure-volume relationship. In 12 anesthetized Holstein calves (body weight 94 +/- 7 kg), 10 microns microspheres (3.3 x 10(7) +/- 1.1 x 10(7)/100 gm left ventricular weight) were injected into the left main coronary artery to induce heart failure. Baseline left ventricular end-systolic elastance significantly decreased from 7.9 +/- 0.7 to 5.5 +/- 0.4 mm Hg/ml 100 gm left ventricular weight. Left ventricular pressure was measured with a micromanometer, and ultrasonic dimension transducers measured left ventricular orthogonal diameters. Ellipsoidal geometry was used to calculate simultaneous left ventricular volume. End-systolic elastance, pressure-volume area, external work, potential energy, and myocardial oxygen consumption were analyzed during steady-state contractions. After pre-pulsatile left atrial to aortic bypass measurements were taken, the measurements were repeated during asynchronous pulsatile left atrial to aortic bypass at the maximal pumping rate (69 +/- 13 beats/min) termed 100%, and then 80%, 60%, and 40% of the maximal pumping rate in the full to empty mode. With increases in pumping rate, pressure-volume area and external work proportionally decreased, whereas potential energy remained unchanged except for 100% of maximal pumping rate. Pressure-volume area correlated linearly with myocardial oxygen consumption during asynchronous pulsatile left atrial to aortic bypass (r = 0.971). As a result, pumping rate correlated linearly with conservation of myocardial oxygen consumption (r = 0.998). In conclusion, decreased pressure-volume area accounts for the reduction in myocardial oxygen consumption during asynchronous pulsatile left atrial to aortic bypass. Conservation of myocardial oxygen consumption is mainly attributed to the reduction of external work.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009206 Myocardium The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow. Muscle, Cardiac,Muscle, Heart,Cardiac Muscle,Myocardia,Cardiac Muscles,Heart Muscle,Heart Muscles,Muscles, Cardiac,Muscles, Heart
D010101 Oxygen Consumption The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346) Consumption, Oxygen,Consumptions, Oxygen,Oxygen Consumptions
D011673 Pulsatile Flow Rhythmic, intermittent propagation of a fluid through a BLOOD VESSEL or piping system, in contrast to constant, smooth propagation, which produces laminar flow. Flow, Pulsating,Perfusion, Pulsatile,Flow, Pulsatile,Flows, Pulsatile,Flows, Pulsating,Perfusions, Pulsatile,Pulsatile Flows,Pulsatile Perfusion,Pulsatile Perfusions,Pulsating Flow,Pulsating Flows
D002417 Cattle Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor. Beef Cow,Bos grunniens,Bos indicus,Bos indicus Cattle,Bos taurus,Cow,Cow, Domestic,Dairy Cow,Holstein Cow,Indicine Cattle,Taurine Cattle,Taurus Cattle,Yak,Zebu,Beef Cows,Bos indicus Cattles,Cattle, Bos indicus,Cattle, Indicine,Cattle, Taurine,Cattle, Taurus,Cattles, Bos indicus,Cattles, Indicine,Cattles, Taurine,Cattles, Taurus,Cow, Beef,Cow, Dairy,Cow, Holstein,Cows,Dairy Cows,Domestic Cow,Domestic Cows,Indicine Cattles,Taurine Cattles,Taurus Cattles,Yaks,Zebus
D004548 Elasticity Resistance and recovery from distortion of shape.
D004734 Energy Metabolism The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells. Bioenergetics,Energy Expenditure,Bioenergetic,Energy Expenditures,Energy Metabolisms,Expenditure, Energy,Expenditures, Energy,Metabolism, Energy,Metabolisms, Energy
D006352 Heart Ventricles The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous BLOOD into the LUNGS and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation. Cardiac Ventricle,Cardiac Ventricles,Heart Ventricle,Left Ventricle,Right Ventricle,Left Ventricles,Right Ventricles,Ventricle, Cardiac,Ventricle, Heart,Ventricle, Left,Ventricle, Right,Ventricles, Cardiac,Ventricles, Heart,Ventricles, Left,Ventricles, Right
D006353 Heart-Assist Devices Small pumps, often implantable, designed for temporarily assisting the heart, usually the LEFT VENTRICLE, to pump blood. They consist of a pumping chamber and a power source, which may be partially or totally external to the body and activated by electromagnetic motors. Artificial Ventricle,Heart Assist Device,Heart Ventricle, Artificial,Pumps, Heart-Assist,Vascular-Assist Device,Vascular-Assist Devices,Ventricle-Assist Device,Ventricular Assist Device,Artificial Heart Ventricle,Artificial Heart Ventricles,Artificial Ventricles,Assist Device, Heart,Assist Device, Ventricular,Assist Devices, Heart,Assist Devices, Ventricular,Device, Heart Assist,Device, Heart-Assist,Device, Vascular-Assist,Device, Ventricle-Assist,Device, Ventricular Assist,Devices, Heart Assist,Devices, Heart-Assist,Devices, Vascular-Assist,Devices, Ventricle-Assist,Devices, Ventricular Assist,Heart Assist Devices,Heart Ventricles, Artificial,Heart-Assist Device,Heart-Assist Pump,Heart-Assist Pumps,Pump, Heart-Assist,Pumps, Heart Assist,Vascular Assist Device,Vascular Assist Devices,Ventricle Assist Device,Ventricle, Artificial,Ventricle, Artificial Heart,Ventricle-Assist Devices,Ventricles, Artificial,Ventricles, Artificial Heart,Ventricular Assist Devices
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001696 Biomechanical Phenomena The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces. Biomechanics,Kinematics,Biomechanic Phenomena,Mechanobiological Phenomena,Biomechanic,Biomechanic Phenomenas,Phenomena, Biomechanic,Phenomena, Biomechanical,Phenomena, Mechanobiological,Phenomenas, Biomechanic

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