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Interactions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners for producing rainbow trout early life stage mortality. 1995

E W Zabel, and M K Walker, and M W Hornung, and M K Clayton, and R E Peterson
Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.

Fish-specific toxic equivalency factors (TEFs), which relate the toxic potency of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs) to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) based on the endpoint of early life stage mortality, have been used in assessing the risk to fish early life stage survival of complex mixtures of PHAHs in feral fish eggs. Use of TEFs assumes that PHAH congeners act additively. However, this has not been unequivocally determined. Isobolograms and a probit model were used to assess the validity of the additivity assumption by determining the significance of interactions between pairs of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), dibenzofuran (PCDF), and biphenyl (PCB) congeners when injected into newly fertilized rainbow trout eggs in ratios bracketing those found in feral lake trout eggs from the Great Lakes. The majority of congener pairs tested acted additively in causing rainbow trout early life stage mortality: [1,2,3,7,8- pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1,2,3,7,8-PCDD)/TCDD]; [2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,4,7,8-PCDF)/1,2,3,7,8-PCDD]; (2,3,4,7,8-PCDF/TCDD), (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran/2,3,4,7,8-PCDF); [3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77)/3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126)]; [2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 105)/TCDD]; (2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl/TCDD); (PCB 105/PCB 126); and (2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl/PCB 126). The only pairs showing evidence of a statistically significant interaction that deviated from additivity were (TCDD/PCB 77) and (TCDD/PCB 126). Taken together, these results suggest that the use of fish-specific TEFs to determine TCDD equivalents contributed by individual congeners in a fish egg sample and then adding these TCDD equivalents to determine the total amount contributed by all congeners may not exactly predict the mortality risk posed to fish early life stages by the mixture of TCDD-like congeners in the eggs. However, the relatively small deviations from additivity in the rainbow trout sac fry mortality test (1- to 4-fold) are less than traditional uncertainty factors used in noncancer risk assessments (10-fold/factor) and are not sufficient to warrant a change away from the additivity assumption in assessing the risk to fish early life stage mortality posed by TCDD and related compounds in eggs.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011078 Polychlorinated Biphenyls Industrial products consisting of a mixture of chlorinated biphenyl congeners and isomers. These compounds are highly lipophilic and tend to accumulate in fat stores of animals. Many of these compounds are considered toxic and potential environmental pollutants. PCBs,Polychlorinated Biphenyl,Polychlorobiphenyl Compounds,Biphenyl, Polychlorinated,Biphenyls, Polychlorinated,Compounds, Polychlorobiphenyl
D004357 Drug Synergism The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug. Drug Potentiation,Drug Augmentation,Augmentation, Drug,Augmentations, Drug,Drug Augmentations,Drug Potentiations,Drug Synergisms,Potentiation, Drug,Potentiations, Drug,Synergism, Drug,Synergisms, Drug
D005260 Female Females
D000072317 Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins Dibenzodioxin derivatives that contain multiple chloride atoms bound to the benzene ring structures. TCDD,Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin,2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins,Dibenzo(b,e)(1,4)dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-,PCDD,Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins,Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxin,Polychlorodibenzo-4-dioxin,Polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,Chlorinated Dibenzo p dioxins,Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Chlorinated,Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Polychlorinated,Dibenzodioxin, Polychlorinated,Dibenzodioxins, Polychlorinated,Polychlorinated Dibenzo p dioxins,Polychlorodibenzo 4 dioxin,Polychlorodibenzo p dioxin,Tetrachlorodibenzo p dioxin
D000072338 Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans that contain chloride atoms bound to the aromatic rings of the structure. Chlorinated Dibenzofurans,Chlorodibenzofurans,Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans,Dibenzofurans, Chlorinated
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001572 Benzofurans Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring. Coumarones,Diphenylbenzofuran
D014874 Water Pollutants, Chemical Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water. Chemical Water Pollutants,Landfill Leachate,Leachate, Landfill,Pollutants, Chemical Water
D017686 Oncorhynchus mykiss A large stout-bodied, sometimes anadromous, TROUT found in still and flowing waters of the Pacific coast from southern California to Alaska. It has a greenish back, a whitish belly, and pink, red, or lavender stripes on the sides, with usually a sprinkling of black dots. It is highly regarded as a sport and food fish. Its former name was Salmo gairdneri. The sea-run rainbow trouts are often called steelheads. Redband trouts refer to interior populations of rainbows. Salmo gairdneri,Steelhead,Trout, Rainbow,Trout, Redband,Rainbow Trout,Redband Trout,Steelheads

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