Biomaterial Database

Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's disease). 1995

M J McCarty, and S J Vukelja, and P M Banks, and R B Weiss

Department of Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.

This review provides a comprehensive assessment of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (ALNH) or Castleman's disease including pathogenesis, clinical presentation, histomorphologic and immunophenotypic findings, laboratory results, treatment, and prognosis. A division of ALNH into clinically relevant subtypes provides a framework for the consideration of the disorder. A comprehensive search of the medical literature involving ALNH using Medline was performed. Reports judged to be significant for the understanding of the disorder were analyzed and their findings incorporated into this review. ALNH is divided into localized/unicentric ALNH and generalized/multicentric ALNH due to the profound clinical differences seen between these variants. Localized/unicentric ALNH is separated by clinical and histomorphologic criteria into hyaline-vascular (HV) and plasma-cell (PC) subtypes. Generalized/multicentric ALNH may be divided by clinical criteria into generalized/multicentric ALNH without neuropathy (non-neuropathic) and generalized/multicentric ALNH with neuropathy (POEMS-associated or neuropathic). The dichotomy between these two subtypes is not absolute, with considerable clinical overlap occurring among patients presenting with generalized disease. Immunophenotypic and molecular probe studies demonstrate clonal B-cell lymphocyte populations in some cases, particularly those with generalized/multicentric ALNH. However, the finding of clonal populations is of no value in predicting malignant clinical progression. We conclude that using this division of ALNH, patients presenting with symptoms and histomorphology consistent with ALNH can be subdivided into the appropriate category of ALNH. Localized or unicentric disease, either HV or PC subtype, has an excellent prognosis with surgery being curative in the majority of cases. Generalized or multicentric disease indicates a poor prognosis with short survival, with the neuropathic variant possessing resistance to steroids and chemotherapy and a corresponding worse prognosis.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010950	Plasma Cells	Specialized forms of antibody-producing B-LYMPHOCYTES. They synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin. They are found only in lymphoid organs and at sites of immune responses and normally do not circulate in the blood or lymph. (Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989, p169 & Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p20)	Plasmacytes,Cell, Plasma,Cells, Plasma,Plasma Cell,Plasmacyte
D011379	Prognosis	A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.	Prognostic Factor,Prognostic Factors,Factor, Prognostic,Factors, Prognostic,Prognoses
D001808	Blood Vessels	Any of the tubular vessels conveying the blood (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins).	Blood Vessel,Vessel, Blood,Vessels, Blood
D002471	Cell Transformation, Neoplastic	Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	Neoplastic Transformation, Cell,Neoplastic Cell Transformation,Transformation, Neoplastic Cell,Tumorigenic Transformation,Cell Neoplastic Transformation,Cell Neoplastic Transformations,Cell Transformations, Neoplastic,Neoplastic Cell Transformations,Neoplastic Transformations, Cell,Transformation, Cell Neoplastic,Transformation, Tumorigenic,Transformations, Cell Neoplastic,Transformations, Neoplastic Cell,Transformations, Tumorigenic,Tumorigenic Transformations
D005544	Forecasting	The prediction or projection of the nature of future problems or existing conditions based upon the extrapolation or interpretation of existing scientific data or by the application of scientific methodology.	Futurology,Projections and Predictions,Future,Predictions and Projections
D005871	Castleman Disease	Large benign, hyperplastic lymph nodes. The more common hyaline vascular subtype is characterized by small hyaline vascular follicles and interfollicular capillary proliferations. Plasma cells are often present and represent another subtype with the plasma cells containing IgM and IMMUNOGLOBULIN A.	Angiofollicular Lymphoid Hyperplasia,Castleman's Tumor,Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia,Hyperplasia, Giant Lymph Node,Lymph Node Hyperplasia, Giant,Angiofollicular Lymph Hyperplasia,Angiofollicular Lymph Node Hyperplasia,Castleman's Disease,Castlemans Disease,Angiofollicular Lymph Hyperplasias,Angiofollicular Lymphoid Hyperplasias,Castleman Tumor,Castlemans Tumor,Disease, Castlemans,Hyperplasia, Angiofollicular Lymph,Hyperplasia, Angiofollicular Lymphoid,Lymph Hyperplasia, Angiofollicular,Lymphoid Hyperplasia, Angiofollicular,Tumor, Castleman's
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D006818	Hyalin	A clear, homogenous, structureless, eosinophilic substance occurring in pathological degeneration of tissues.	Hyalin Substance,Hyaline,Hyaline Substance,Hyalins,Substance, Hyalin,Substance, Hyaline
D001402	B-Lymphocytes	Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.	B-Cells, Lymphocyte,B-Lymphocyte,Bursa-Dependent Lymphocytes,B Cells, Lymphocyte,B Lymphocyte,B Lymphocytes,B-Cell, Lymphocyte,Bursa Dependent Lymphocytes,Bursa-Dependent Lymphocyte,Lymphocyte B-Cell,Lymphocyte B-Cells,Lymphocyte, Bursa-Dependent,Lymphocytes, Bursa-Dependent
D016130	Immunophenotyping	Process of classifying cells of the immune system based on structural and functional differences. The process is commonly used to analyze and sort T-lymphocytes into subsets based on CD antigens by the technique of flow cytometry.	Lymphocyte Immunophenotyping,Lymphocyte Subtyping,Immunologic Subtyping,Immunologic Subtypings,Lymphocyte Phenotyping,Subtyping, Immunologic,Subtypings, Immunologic,Immunophenotyping, Lymphocyte,Immunophenotypings,Immunophenotypings, Lymphocyte,Lymphocyte Immunophenotypings,Lymphocyte Phenotypings,Lymphocyte Subtypings,Phenotyping, Lymphocyte,Phenotypings, Lymphocyte,Subtyping, Lymphocyte,Subtypings, Lymphocyte