Exon-intron organization of Xenopus MHC class II beta chain genes. 1995

F Kobari, and K Sato, and B P Shum, and S Tochinai, and M Katagiri, and T Ishibashi, and L Du Pasquier, and M F Flajnik, and M Kasahara
Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, N-15, W-7, Sapporo 060, Japan.

The amphibian Xenopus laevis is the most primitive vertebrate in which the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been defined at the biochemical, functional, and molecular genetic levels. We previously described the isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding X. laevis MHC class II beta chains. In the present study, genomic clones encoding class II beta chains were isolated from X. laevis homozygous for the MHC f haplotype. Three class II beta chain genes, designated Xela-DAB, Xela-DBB, and Xela-DCB, were identified. Sequence analysis of these genes showed that Xela-DBB and Xela-DCB correspond to the previously characterized cDNA clones F3 and F8, respectively, whereas Xela-DAB encodes a third, hitherto unidentified class II beta chain of the MHC f haplotype. As a representative of X. laevis class II beta chain genes, the Xela-DAB gene underwent detailed structural analysis. In addition, the nucleotide sequence of Xela-DABf cDNA clones was determined. The Xela-DAB gene is made up of at least six exons, with an exon-intron organization similar to that of a typical mammalian class II beta chain gene. The 5'-flanking region of the Xela-DAB gene contains transcriptional control elements known as X1, X2, and Y, but lacks typical TATA or CCAAT boxes. A notable feature of the X. laevis class II beta chain genes is that the sizes of the introns are larger than those of their mammalian counterparts. As assessed by northern blot analysis, the three class II beta chain genes had similar expression patterns, with the highest level of transcription detected in the intestine. Identification of the Xela-DAB, -DBB, and -DCB genes is consistent with our previous observations, which suggested that the MHC of the tetraploid frog X. laevis is diploidized at the genomic level and contains three class II beta chain genes per haplotype that cross-hybridize to one another under reduced stringency conditions.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007438 Introns Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes. Intervening Sequences,Sequences, Intervening,Intervening Sequence,Intron,Sequence, Intervening
D008969 Molecular Sequence Data Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. Sequence Data, Molecular,Molecular Sequencing Data,Data, Molecular Sequence,Data, Molecular Sequencing,Sequencing Data, Molecular
D003001 Cloning, Molecular The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells. Molecular Cloning
D005091 Exons The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA. Mini-Exon,Exon,Mini Exon,Mini-Exons
D005802 Genes, MHC Class II Genetic loci in the vertebrate major histocompatibility complex that encode polymorphic products which control the immune response to specific antigens. The genes are found in the HLA-D region in humans and include H-2M, I-A, and I-E loci in mice. Class II Genes,Genes, Class II,Genes, HLA Class II,MHC Class II Genes,Class II Gene,Gene, Class II
D000595 Amino Acid Sequence The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION. Protein Structure, Primary,Amino Acid Sequences,Sequence, Amino Acid,Sequences, Amino Acid,Primary Protein Structure,Primary Protein Structures,Protein Structures, Primary,Structure, Primary Protein,Structures, Primary Protein
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001483 Base Sequence The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence. DNA Sequence,Nucleotide Sequence,RNA Sequence,DNA Sequences,Base Sequences,Nucleotide Sequences,RNA Sequences,Sequence, Base,Sequence, DNA,Sequence, Nucleotide,Sequence, RNA,Sequences, Base,Sequences, DNA,Sequences, Nucleotide,Sequences, RNA
D012333 RNA, Messenger RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm. Messenger RNA,Messenger RNA, Polyadenylated,Poly(A) Tail,Poly(A)+ RNA,Poly(A)+ mRNA,RNA, Messenger, Polyadenylated,RNA, Polyadenylated,mRNA,mRNA, Non-Polyadenylated,mRNA, Polyadenylated,Non-Polyadenylated mRNA,Poly(A) RNA,Polyadenylated mRNA,Non Polyadenylated mRNA,Polyadenylated Messenger RNA,Polyadenylated RNA,RNA, Polyadenylated Messenger,mRNA, Non Polyadenylated
D014018 Tissue Distribution Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios. Distribution, Tissue,Distributions, Tissue,Tissue Distributions

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