Biomaterial Database

Minimally invasive surgery. 1995

M Vierra

Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305-5408, USA.

With the widespread introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in late 1989, the practice and expectations of general surgery were changed forever. The techniques of laparoscopy were not new--they had been adopted by gynecologists and orthopedic surgeons at least a decade before--but it was laparoscopic cholecystectomy that captured the attention of the surgical profession and the public and spawned the tremendous growth in what has come to be called minimally invasive surgery. Although this surgery has tremendous appeal, offering quicker recovery, less pain, and possibly greater safety, it presents new challenges in the areas of training, credentialing, and quality assessment and raises serious questions about the real benefits of new technology at a time when the political and economic sensitivity of these issues is greater than ever. In this chapter I limit myself to a discussion of laparoscopy in general surgery, with a focus on what we have learned from laparoscopic cholecystectomy and on what this knowledge suggests for the future of other laparoscopic general surgical procedures.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007431	Intraoperative Complications	Complications that affect patients during surgery. They may or may not be associated with the disease for which the surgery is done, or within the same surgical procedure.	Peroperative Complications,Surgical Injuries,Complication, Intraoperative,Complication, Peroperative,Injuries, Surgical,Complications, Intraoperative,Complications, Peroperative,Injury, Surgical,Intraoperative Complication,Peroperative Complication,Surgical Injury
D010535	Laparoscopy	A procedure in which a laparoscope (LAPAROSCOPES) is inserted through a small incision near the navel to examine the abdominal and pelvic organs in the PERITONEAL CAVITY. If appropriate, biopsy or surgery can be performed during laparoscopy.	Celioscopy,Laparoscopic Surgical Procedures,Peritoneoscopy,Surgical Procedures, Laparoscopic,Laparoscopic Assisted Surgery,Laparoscopic Surgery,Laparoscopic Surgical Procedure,Procedure, Laparoscopic Surgical,Procedures, Laparoscopic Surgical,Surgery, Laparoscopic,Surgical Procedure, Laparoscopic,Celioscopies,Laparoscopic Assisted Surgeries,Laparoscopic Surgeries,Laparoscopies,Peritoneoscopies,Surgeries, Laparoscopic,Surgeries, Laparoscopic Assisted,Surgery, Laparoscopic Assisted
D011183	Postoperative Complications	Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	Complication, Postoperative,Complications, Postoperative,Postoperative Complication
D003362	Cost-Benefit Analysis	A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. In contrast a cost effectiveness in general compares cost with qualitative outcomes.	Cost and Benefit,Cost-Benefit Data,Benefits and Costs,Cost Benefit,Cost Benefit Analysis,Cost-Utility Analysis,Costs and Benefits,Economic Evaluation,Marginal Analysis,Analyses, Cost Benefit,Analysis, Cost Benefit,Analysis, Cost-Benefit,Analysis, Cost-Utility,Analysis, Marginal,Benefit and Cost,Cost Benefit Analyses,Cost Benefit Data,Cost Utility Analysis,Cost-Benefit Analyses,Cost-Utility Analyses,Data, Cost-Benefit,Economic Evaluations,Evaluation, Economic,Marginal Analyses
D004059	Diffusion of Innovation	The broad dissemination of new ideas, procedures, techniques, materials, and devices and the degree to which these are accepted and used.	Innovation Diffusion,Diffusion, Innovation
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012307	Risk Factors	An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, inborn or inherited characteristic, which, based on epidemiological evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.	Health Correlates,Risk Factor Scores,Risk Scores,Social Risk Factors,Population at Risk,Populations at Risk,Correlates, Health,Factor, Risk,Factor, Social Risk,Factors, Social Risk,Risk Factor,Risk Factor Score,Risk Factor, Social,Risk Factors, Social,Risk Score,Score, Risk,Score, Risk Factor,Social Risk Factor
D016896	Treatment Outcome	Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.	Rehabilitation Outcome,Treatment Effectiveness,Clinical Effectiveness,Clinical Efficacy,Patient-Relevant Outcome,Treatment Efficacy,Effectiveness, Clinical,Effectiveness, Treatment,Efficacy, Clinical,Efficacy, Treatment,Outcome, Patient-Relevant,Outcome, Rehabilitation,Outcome, Treatment,Outcomes, Patient-Relevant,Patient Relevant Outcome,Patient-Relevant Outcomes
D017081	Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic	Excision of the gallbladder through an abdominal incision using a laparoscope.	Cholecystectomy, Celioscopic,Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy,Celioscopic Cholecystectomies,Celioscopic Cholecystectomy,Cholecystectomies, Celioscopic,Cholecystectomies, Laparoscopic,Laparoscopic Cholecystectomies
D020706	Laparoscopes	ENDOSCOPES for examining the abdominal and pelvic organs in the peritoneal cavity.	Celioscopes,Peritoneoscopes,Laparoscope,Celioscope,Peritoneoscope