Biomaterial Database

RNA editing in wheat mitochondria. 1995

A Araya, and V Blanc, and D Begu, and F Crabier, and A Mouras, and S Litvak

Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, IBGC-CNRS, Bordeaux, France.

C to U transitions in plant mitochondrial mRNA (RNA editing) lead to amino acid changes as well as to the creation of new initiation or termination codons. We established an in vitro system to assay and to dissect the process of wheat mitochondrial mRNA editing. A deamination mechanism explains most easily the observed C to U transitions. Several fractions of organellar protein participate in the editing machinery. Some of these proteins presumably carry the catalytic activity while others are typical RNA binding proteins and may confer specificity to the 'editosome' complex. To investigate the functional properties of protein products synthesized from unedited mRNAs, we constructed transgenic tobacco plants carrying an unedited gene coding for subunit 9 (ATP9) of the ATP synthase complex. The nuclear encoded 'unedited' protein product is targeted to the mitochondria with a heterologous presequence. A significant number of male sterile tobacco plants were obtained suggesting that at least the functional ATP9 protein requires RNA editing. This result suggests a novel approach to obtain artificial male sterile plants by using a physiological effect resulting in CMS which mimics the situation found in many natural populations.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008928	Mitochondria	Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)	Mitochondrial Contraction,Mitochondrion,Contraction, Mitochondrial,Contractions, Mitochondrial,Mitochondrial Contractions
D003562	Cytidine	A pyrimidine nucleoside that is composed of the base CYTOSINE linked to the five-carbon sugar D-RIBOSE.	Cytosine Ribonucleoside,Cytosine Riboside,Ribonucleoside, Cytosine,Riboside, Cytosine
D006180	Proton-Translocating ATPases	Multisubunit enzymes that reversibly synthesize ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE. They are coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane.	ATP Dependent Proton Translocase,ATPase, F0,ATPase, F1,Adenosinetriphosphatase F1,F(1)F(0)-ATPase,F1 ATPase,H(+)-Transporting ATP Synthase,H(+)-Transporting ATPase,H(+)ATPase Complex,Proton-Translocating ATPase,Proton-Translocating ATPase Complex,Proton-Translocating ATPase Complexes,ATPase, F(1)F(0),ATPase, F0F1,ATPase, H(+),Adenosine Triphosphatase Complex,F(0)F(1)-ATP Synthase,F-0-ATPase,F-1-ATPase,F0F1 ATPase,F1-ATPase,F1F0 ATPase Complex,H(+)-ATPase,H(+)-Transporting ATP Synthase, Acyl-Phosphate-Linked,H+ ATPase,H+ Transporting ATP Synthase,H+-Translocating ATPase,Proton-Translocating ATPase, F0 Sector,Proton-Translocating ATPase, F1 Sector,ATPase Complex, Proton-Translocating,ATPase Complexes, Proton-Translocating,ATPase, H+,ATPase, H+-Translocating,ATPase, Proton-Translocating,Complex, Adenosine Triphosphatase,Complexes, Proton-Translocating ATPase,F 0 ATPase,F 1 ATPase,F0 ATPase,H+ Translocating ATPase,Proton Translocating ATPase,Proton Translocating ATPase Complex,Proton Translocating ATPase Complexes,Proton Translocating ATPase, F0 Sector,Proton Translocating ATPase, F1 Sector,Triphosphatase Complex, Adenosine
D014529	Uridine	A ribonucleoside in which RIBOSE is linked to URACIL.	Allo-Uridine,Allouridine,Allo Uridine
D014908	Triticum	A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.	Wheat,Durum Wheat,Triticum aestivum,Triticum durum,Triticum spelta,Triticum turgidum,Triticum turgidum subsp. durum,Triticum vulgare,Durum Wheats,Wheat, Durum
D017343	Genes, Plant	The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.	Plant Genes,Gene, Plant,Plant Gene
D017393	RNA Editing	A process that changes the nucleotide sequence of mRNA from that of the DNA template encoding it. Some major classes of RNA editing are as follows: 1, the conversion of cytosine to uracil in mRNA; 2, the addition of variable number of guanines at pre-determined sites; and 3, the addition and deletion of uracils, templated by guide-RNAs (RNA, GUIDE, KINETOPLASTIDA).	RNA, Messenger, Editing,Editing, RNA,Editings, RNA,RNA Editings
D018387	Codon, Initiator	A codon that directs initiation of protein translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) by stimulating the binding of initiator tRNA (RNA, TRANSFER, MET). In prokaryotes, the codons AUG or GUG can act as initiators while in eukaryotes, AUG is the only initiator codon.	Codon, Start,Initiator Codon,Codon, Initiation,Start Codon,Codons, Initiation,Codons, Initiator,Codons, Start,Initiation Codon,Initiation Codons,Initiator Codons,Start Codons
D018388	Codon, Terminator	Any codon that signals the termination of genetic translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC). PEPTIDE TERMINATION FACTORS bind to the stop codon and trigger the hydrolysis of the aminoacyl bond connecting the completed polypeptide to the tRNA. Terminator codons do not specify amino acids.	Amber Stop Codon,Codon, Amber Stop,Codon, Ochre Stop,Codon, Opal Stop,Codon, Stop,Stop Codon,Terminator Codon,Amber Codon,Amber Terminator Codon,Codon, Termination,Ochre Codon,Ochre Stop Codon,Opal Codon,Opal Stop Codon,Stop Codon UAA,Stop Codon UAG,Stop Codon UGA,Stop Signal, Translation,TAA Codon,TAG Codon,TGA Codon,UAA Codon,UAA Stop Codon,UAG Codon,UAG Stop Codon,UGA Codon,UGA Stop Codon,Amber Codons,Amber Stop Codons,Amber Terminator Codons,Codon UAA, Stop,Codon UAG, Stop,Codon UGA, Stop,Codon, Amber,Codon, Amber Terminator,Codon, Ochre,Codon, Opal,Codon, TAA,Codon, TAG,Codon, TGA,Codon, UAA,Codon, UAA Stop,Codon, UAG,Codon, UAG Stop,Codon, UGA,Codon, UGA Stop,Codons, Amber,Codons, Amber Stop,Codons, Amber Terminator,Codons, Ochre,Codons, Ochre Stop,Codons, Opal,Codons, Opal Stop,Codons, Stop,Codons, TAA,Codons, TAG,Codons, TGA,Codons, Termination,Codons, Terminator,Codons, UAA,Codons, UAA Stop,Codons, UAG,Codons, UAG Stop,Codons, UGA,Codons, UGA Stop,Ochre Codons,Ochre Stop Codons,Opal Codons,Opal Stop Codons,Stop Codon UGAs,Stop Codon, Amber,Stop Codon, Ochre,Stop Codon, Opal,Stop Codon, UAA,Stop Codon, UAG,Stop Codon, UGA,Stop Codons,Stop Codons, Amber,Stop Codons, Ochre,Stop Codons, Opal,Stop Codons, UAA,Stop Codons, UAG,Stop Codons, UGA,Stop Signals, Translation,TAA Codons,TAG Codons,TGA Codons,Termination Codon,Termination Codons,Terminator Codon, Amber,Terminator Codons,Terminator Codons, Amber,Translation Stop Signal,Translation Stop Signals,UAA Codons,UAA Stop Codons,UAA, Stop Codon,UAG Codons,UAG Stop Codons,UAG, Stop Codon,UGA Codons,UGA Stop Codons,UGA, Stop Codon
D030821	Plants, Genetically Modified	PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.	Genetically Modified Plants,Plants, Transgenic,Transgenic Plants,GMO Plants,Genetically Engineered Plants,Engineered Plant, Genetically,Engineered Plants, Genetically,GMO Plant,Genetically Engineered Plant,Genetically Modified Plant,Modified Plant, Genetically,Modified Plants, Genetically,Plant, GMO,Plant, Genetically Engineered,Plant, Genetically Modified,Plant, Transgenic,Plants, GMO,Plants, Genetically Engineered,Transgenic Plant