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Streptococcus pneumoniae stimulate mouse peritoneal macrophages to release tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) in vitro. When penicillin was added to lysate bacterium, TNF alpha release was accelerated. 150 Kunming mice were infected with streptococcus pnumoniae through inspiration. Dynamic changes of TNF alpha concentration in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were detected; pulmonary pathological changes were also observed. It was found that TNF alpha monoclonal antibody significantly attenuates TNF alpha activity in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, white blood cell chemotaxis, emigation, and infiltration were inhibited. We conclude that streptococcus pneumoniae infection stimulates TNF alpha release, and TNF alpha is probably the major mediator that causes tissue damage during streptococcus pneumoniae infection. As penicillin accelerates TNFa release, single therapy of penicillin may worse tissue damage.
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