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We studied the origin of nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) in peripheral venous blood samples from 40 pregnant women carrying a male fetus, using a technique that allows direct chromosomal analysis by in situ hybridisation on immunologically and morphologically classified cells. Samples from ten nulligravid women were studied as controls. NRBC were enriched by negative magnetic activated cell sorting (miniMACS) using anti-CD45 monoclonal antibody. NRBC were detected by alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase immunostaining using a monoclonal anti-glycophorin A antibody. The origin of the NRBC was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridisation using X and Y specific probes. NRBC were found in 37 of the 40 pregnant women at a range of 1 to 230 per 20 ml of venous blood and in 6 of the 10 controls at a range of 1 to 3 per 20 ml of venous blood. All NRBC detected in the pregnant women were evidently of maternal origin, and in the pregnant women the number of NRBC was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in the controls. Pregnancy per se seems to induce the appearance of maternal NRBC in the circulation, and it cannot therefore be assumed that NRBC isolated from the maternal blood are of fetal origin on the basis of morphology alone. Discrimination of fetal NRBC must occur for prenatal diagnosis of fetal genetic disorders.
A Slunga-Tallberg, and
W el-Rifai, and
M Keinänen, and
K Ylinen, and
T Kurki, and
K Klinger, and
O Ylikorkala, and
S Knuutila
September 1994,
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
A Slunga-Tallberg, and
W el-Rifai, and
M Keinänen, and
K Ylinen, and
T Kurki, and
K Klinger, and
O Ylikorkala, and
S Knuutila
January 1994,
Fetal diagnosis and therapy,
A Slunga-Tallberg, and
W el-Rifai, and
M Keinänen, and
K Ylinen, and
T Kurki, and
K Klinger, and
O Ylikorkala, and
S Knuutila
February 2016,
The American journal of the medical sciences,
A Slunga-Tallberg, and
W el-Rifai, and
M Keinänen, and
K Ylinen, and
T Kurki, and
K Klinger, and
O Ylikorkala, and
S Knuutila
January 2000,
Ceska gynekologie,
A Slunga-Tallberg, and
W el-Rifai, and
M Keinänen, and
K Ylinen, and
T Kurki, and
K Klinger, and
O Ylikorkala, and
S Knuutila
April 2004,
International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics,
A Slunga-Tallberg, and
W el-Rifai, and
M Keinänen, and
K Ylinen, and
T Kurki, and
K Klinger, and
O Ylikorkala, and
S Knuutila
March 2002,
Zhonghua yi xue za zhi,
A Slunga-Tallberg, and
W el-Rifai, and
M Keinänen, and
K Ylinen, and
T Kurki, and
K Klinger, and
O Ylikorkala, and
S Knuutila
November 2000,
Prenatal diagnosis,
A Slunga-Tallberg, and
W el-Rifai, and
M Keinänen, and
K Ylinen, and
T Kurki, and
K Klinger, and
O Ylikorkala, and
S Knuutila
January 1963,
Sbornik vedeckych praci Lekarske fakulty Karlovy university v Hradci Kralove,
A Slunga-Tallberg, and
W el-Rifai, and
M Keinänen, and
K Ylinen, and
T Kurki, and
K Klinger, and
O Ylikorkala, and
S Knuutila
December 1996,
Early human development,
A Slunga-Tallberg, and
W el-Rifai, and
M Keinänen, and
K Ylinen, and
T Kurki, and
K Klinger, and
O Ylikorkala, and
S Knuutila
May 1990,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
