Biomaterial Database

In vivo vertical forces on implants. 1995

E J Richter

Department of Prosthodontics, Aachen University Medical Center, Germany.

Vertical forces applied to dental implants during oral functions have not been quantified precisely. The key problem has been the lack of suitable measuring devices. This article introduces a new technique for placing a transducer directly in the implant without any increase in vertical dimension. Results were compared to loads applied to teeth. Implants in the molar position that were fixed to a premolar with a prosthesis withstood maximum vertical forces of 60 to 120 N during chewing. Single molars and premolars carried maximum vertical forces of 120 to 150 N. Clenching in centric occlusion caused a load level of approximately 50 N for both natural and artificial abutments. Occlusal prematurities on the implant restoration that were less than 200 microns in height showed no significant increase of the implant load level.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D008409	Mastication	The act and process of chewing and grinding food in the mouth.	Chewing
D001732	Bite Force	The force applied by the masticatory muscles in dental occlusion.	Masticatory Force,Occlusal Force,Bite Forces,Force, Bite,Force, Masticatory,Force, Occlusal,Forces, Bite,Forces, Masticatory,Forces, Occlusal,Masticatory Forces,Occlusal Forces
D003769	Dental Occlusion, Traumatic	An occlusion resulting in overstrain and injury to teeth, periodontal tissue, or other oral structures.	Occlusion, Dental, Traumatic,Occlusion, Traumatic Dental,Traumatic Dental Occlusion,Dental Occlusions, Traumatic,Occlusions, Traumatic Dental,Traumatic Dental Occlusions
D003799	Dental Stress Analysis	The description and measurement of the various factors that produce physical stress upon dental restorations, prostheses, or appliances, materials associated with them, or the natural oral structures.	Analyses, Dental Stress,Analysis, Dental Stress,Stress Analyses, Dental,Stress Analysis, Dental,Dental Stress Analyses
D005260	Female		Females
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D014160	Transducers, Pressure	Transducers that are activated by pressure changes, e.g., blood pressure.	Pressure Transducer,Pressure Transducers,Transducer, Pressure
D014716	Vertical Dimension	The length of the face determined by the distance of separation of jaws. Occlusal vertical dimension (OVD or VDO) or contact vertical dimension is the lower face height with the teeth in centric occlusion. Rest vertical dimension (VDR) is the lower face height measured from a chin point to a point just below the nose, with the mandible in rest position. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p250)	Mandibular Rest Position,Rest Vertical Dimension,Vertical Dimension at Rest,Vertical Dimension of Occlusion,Dimension, Rest Vertical,Dimension, Vertical,Dimensions, Rest Vertical,Dimensions, Vertical,Mandibular Rest Positions,Occlusion Vertical Dimension,Occlusion Vertical Dimensions,Position, Mandibular Rest,Positions, Mandibular Rest,Rest Position, Mandibular,Rest Positions, Mandibular,Rest Vertical Dimensions,Vertical Dimension, Rest,Vertical Dimensions,Vertical Dimensions, Rest
D015921	Dental Implants	Biocompatible materials placed into (endosseous) or onto (subperiosteal) the jawbone to support a crown, bridge, or artificial tooth, or to stabilize a diseased tooth.	Dental Implants, Mini,Dental Prosthesis, Surgical,Implants, Dental,Dental Implant,Dental Prostheses, Surgical,Implant, Dental,Prostheses, Surgical Dental,Prosthesis, Surgical Dental,Surgical Dental Prostheses,Surgical Dental Prosthesis,Dental Implant, Mini,Mini Dental Implant,Mini Dental Implants