Biomaterial Database

Antisense oligonucleotides: an experimental strategy to advance a causal analysis of development. 1995

H C Slavkin

Center For Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA.

A variety of modified and unmodified oligonucleotides (ODNs) have been examined as antisense inhibitors of gene expression. Of particular interest has been the application of antisense inhibitory experimental strategies to advance a suggested causal relationship between signal transduction and inductive epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during mandibular morphogenesis, early tooth development, tooth enamel formation, lung branching morphogenesis, kidney, muscle and heart development. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and a number of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) isotype mediated signal transductions have been demonstrated to regulate inductive processes associated with significant processes in development including mouse molar tooth morphogenesis. Antisense strategies have also been useful in studies designed to associate a specific morphogen signal with homeobox (HOX) gene regulation in several embryonal carcinoma cell lines. The application and results from a number of antisense inhibitory strategies serve to support the utility of this experimental paradigm for future investigations of tooth development. This review discusses the experimental strategy, a number of technical issues and the rationale for future investigations of tooth development.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009154	Mutation	Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.	Mutations
D009805	Odontogenesis	The process of TOOTH formation. It is divided into several stages including: the dental lamina stage, the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage. Odontogenesis includes the production of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS), dentin (DENTINOGENESIS), and dental cementum (CEMENTOGENESIS).	Odontogeneses
D006133	Growth Substances	Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.	Mitogens, Endogenous,Endogenous Mitogens
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D015398	Signal Transduction	The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.	Cell Signaling,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Pathways,Receptor Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Transduction Pathways,Signal Transduction Systems,Pathway, Signal,Pathway, Signal Transduction,Pathways, Signal,Pathways, Signal Transduction,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transductions,Signal Pathway,Signal Transduction Pathway,Signal Transduction System,Signal Transduction, Receptor-Mediated,Signal Transductions,Signal Transductions, Receptor-Mediated,System, Signal Transduction,Systems, Signal Transduction,Transduction, Signal,Transductions, Signal
D016376	Oligonucleotides, Antisense	Short fragments of DNA or RNA that are used to alter the function of target RNAs or DNAs to which they hybridize.	Anti-Sense Oligonucleotide,Antisense Oligonucleotide,Antisense Oligonucleotides,Anti-Sense Oligonucleotides,Anti Sense Oligonucleotide,Anti Sense Oligonucleotides,Oligonucleotide, Anti-Sense,Oligonucleotide, Antisense,Oligonucleotides, Anti-Sense
D017978	Receptors, Growth Factor	Cell surface receptors that bind growth or trophic factors with high affinity, triggering intracellular responses which influence the growth, differentiation, or survival of cells.	Growth Factor Receptor,Growth Factor Receptors,Trophic Factor Receptors,Receptors, Growth Factors,Receptors, Trophic Factor,Trophic Factor Receptor,Factor Receptor, Growth,Factor Receptor, Trophic,Growth Factors Receptors,Receptor, Growth Factor,Receptor, Trophic Factor
D018507	Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental	Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.	Developmental Gene Expression Regulation,Embryologic Gene Expression Regulation,Gene Expression Regulation, Embryologic,Regulation of Gene Expression, Developmental,Regulation of Gene Expression, Embryologic,Regulation, Gene Expression, Developmental,Regulation, Gene Expression, Embryologic