Biomaterial Database

Differential responses of hepatic monooxygenases and glutathione S-transferases of mice to a combination of cadmium and nickel. 1995

M Iscan, and T Coban, and B C Eke, and M Iscan

Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Turkey.

The acute combined effects of cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) on hepatic monooxygenase activities (ethylmorphine N-demethylase, EMND; aminopyrine N-demethylase, AMND; aniline 4-hydroxylase, AH), cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5, microsomal heme and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities toward several substrates (1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, CDNB; 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, DCNB; ethacrynic acid, EAA; 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)-propane, ENPP) were determined and compared with those of Cd or Ni alone in mice. Male adult mice (25-30 g) were administered either a single dose of Cd (3.58 mg CdCl2.H2O/kg, i.p.) 48 hr prior to killing or a single dose of Ni (59.5 mg NiCl2.H2O/kg, s.c.) 16 hr prior to killing. For the combined treatment, the animals received the single dose of Ni 32 hr after the single dose of Cd and were then killed 16 hr later. Cd treatment alone significantly decreased EMND, AMND, and AH activities and cytochrome P-450 and heme levels as compared with controls. Cytochrome b5 level was not altered by Cd treatment. Cd also inhibited GSH level and the GST activities toward CDNB, EAA and ENPP significantly. No significant change was observed in the GST activity for DCNB by Cd. Ni treatment alone, however, decreased the monooxygenase and GST activities studied, and cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5, heme and GSH levels significantly. Combined treatment significantly depressed the monooxygenase activities and cytochromes and heme levels. GSH level was not significantly altered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008099	Liver	A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.	Livers
D008297	Male		Males
D009532	Nickel	A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.
D009578	Nitrobenzenes	BENZENE derivatives carrying nitro group substituents.
D009596	Nitrophenols	PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	Nitrophenol
D011480	Protease Inhibitors	Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of proteases (ENDOPEPTIDASES).	Antiprotease,Endopeptidase Inhibitor,Endopeptidase Inhibitors,Peptidase Inhibitor,Peptidase Inhibitors,Peptide Hydrolase Inhibitor,Peptide Hydrolase Inhibitors,Peptide Peptidohydrolase Inhibitor,Peptide Peptidohydrolase Inhibitors,Protease Antagonist,Protease Antagonists,Antiproteases,Protease Inhibitor,Antagonist, Protease,Antagonists, Protease,Hydrolase Inhibitor, Peptide,Hydrolase Inhibitors, Peptide,Inhibitor, Endopeptidase,Inhibitor, Peptidase,Inhibitor, Peptide Hydrolase,Inhibitor, Peptide Peptidohydrolase,Inhibitor, Protease,Inhibitors, Endopeptidase,Inhibitors, Peptidase,Inhibitors, Peptide Hydrolase,Inhibitors, Peptide Peptidohydrolase,Inhibitors, Protease,Peptidohydrolase Inhibitor, Peptide,Peptidohydrolase Inhibitors, Peptide
D002104	Cadmium	An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.
D003577	Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System	A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.	Cytochrome P-450,Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme,Cytochrome P-450-Dependent Monooxygenase,P-450 Enzyme,P450 Enzyme,CYP450 Family,CYP450 Superfamily,Cytochrome P-450 Enzymes,Cytochrome P-450 Families,Cytochrome P-450 Monooxygenase,Cytochrome P-450 Oxygenase,Cytochrome P-450 Superfamily,Cytochrome P450,Cytochrome P450 Superfamily,Cytochrome p450 Families,P-450 Enzymes,P450 Enzymes,Cytochrome P 450,Cytochrome P 450 Dependent Monooxygenase,Cytochrome P 450 Enzyme,Cytochrome P 450 Enzyme System,Cytochrome P 450 Enzymes,Cytochrome P 450 Families,Cytochrome P 450 Monooxygenase,Cytochrome P 450 Oxygenase,Cytochrome P 450 Superfamily,Enzyme, Cytochrome P-450,Enzyme, P-450,Enzyme, P450,Enzymes, Cytochrome P-450,Enzymes, P-450,Enzymes, P450,Monooxygenase, Cytochrome P-450,Monooxygenase, Cytochrome P-450-Dependent,P 450 Enzyme,P 450 Enzymes,P-450 Enzyme, Cytochrome,P-450 Enzymes, Cytochrome,Superfamily, CYP450,Superfamily, Cytochrome P-450,Superfamily, Cytochrome P450
D004137	Dinitrochlorobenzene	A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.	1-Chloro-2,4-Dinitrobenzene,2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene,Benzene, 1-Chloro-2,4-Dinitro-,Chlorodinitrobenzene,DNCB,1 Chloro 2,4 Dinitrobenzene,2,4 Dinitrochlorobenzene
D004357	Drug Synergism	The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.	Drug Potentiation,Drug Augmentation,Augmentation, Drug,Augmentations, Drug,Drug Augmentations,Drug Potentiations,Drug Synergisms,Potentiation, Drug,Potentiations, Drug,Synergism, Drug,Synergisms, Drug