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Three aspects of the regulation of the human alpha-skeletal actin gene are examined in this study by quantitative analysis of transgenic tissues: level of expression, tissue specificity, and developmental regulation. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies analyzing the 5' end of the gene have indicated that regulation of tissue-specific expression is promoter based. Transgenic mice were produced carrying either a 9.5-kilobase pair (kb) human alpha-skeletal actin gene fragment or a deletion construct with 2.2-kb of 5' sequences of human alpha-skeletal actin linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene. We found that the 9.5-kb transgene was capable of expression in adult skeletal muscle at a level equivalent to that of the endogenous gene in a non-transgenic mouse. The deletion construct was also capable of high-level expression. Both transgenes were expressed in a striated muscle-specific manner and were correctly regulated during development. We conclude that these three parameters of regulation of the human alpha-skeletal actin gene are mediated by sequences within the region -2000 to +239 of the promoter.
K J Brennan, and
E C Hardeman
January 1994,
Transgenic research,
K J Brennan, and
E C Hardeman
December 1993,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
K J Brennan, and
E C Hardeman
September 1991,
Nucleic acids research,
K J Brennan, and
E C Hardeman
September 1989,
Molecular and cellular biology,
K J Brennan, and
E C Hardeman
December 1988,
Immunology,
K J Brennan, and
E C Hardeman
June 2008,
BMC evolutionary biology,
K J Brennan, and
E C Hardeman
June 2009,
The Journal of cell biology,
K J Brennan, and
E C Hardeman
January 1991,
Cytotechnology,
K J Brennan, and
E C Hardeman
January 2002,
Toxicologic pathology,
K J Brennan, and
E C Hardeman
February 1987,
Nucleic acids research,
