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Immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a marker of cell proliferation, is being increasingly used to study the proliferative activity of tumors, and the PCNA labeling index has been correlated with the prognosis of several malignant neoplasms. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of 24 primary neuroblastomas were immunostained using an anti-PCNA monoclonal antibody and the PCNA index was calculated. Then the relationship between the PCNA index, prognosis, and various other factors was assessed, retrospectively. The mean PCNA index was 11.0%. Patients having tumors with a high PCNA index (> or = 11.0%) showed a significantly lower survival rate than those possessing tumors with a low PCNA index (P < 0.001). Moreover, the tumors showing N-myc amplification had a high mean PCNA index of 15.6%, while those without N-myc amplification had a low mean index of 1.7% (P < 0.01). The PCNA index was closely related to the prognosis of neuroblastoma and to N-myc amplification. It has the potential to be a useful prognostic indicator of the patients with neuroblastoma.
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