Biomaterial Database

Indicators of oxidative tissue damage and inflammatory activity in epiretinal membranes of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, proliferative vitreoretinopathy and macular pucker. 1995

A J Augustin, and M Spitznas, and F Koch, and F Grus, and T Böker

Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Germany.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether oxidative tissue damage and inflammatory reactions occur in epiretinal membranes of eyes suffering from proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), and macular pucker (MP). METHODS Epiretinal membranes were removed during surgery and frozen at -80 degrees C (PDR, n = 26; PVR, n = 24; MP, n = 15), and oxidative tissue damage and inflammatory activity (MPO) of the membrane tissue were determined. The values are expressed as means of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS, nmol/mg) and MPO (units/mg). RESULTS Both TBARS and MPO activity were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in membranes of eyes suffering from PVR and PDR compared to MP. The myeloperoxidase activity in PDR membranes was significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared to PVR. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory cells and oxidative metabolites lead to oxidative reactions in PDR and PVR. The proliferation of membrane tissue may be enhanced through products of the lipoxygenase pathway, which is active in inflammatory cells and leads to oxidative tissue damage. Chemoattraction of leukocytes by oxidative metabolites renders the process self-progagating. Since patients suffering from MP have an intact vitreous body with an intact antioxidative system, this reaction occurs to a lesser degree, resulting in less membrane-growth activity. The cell-growth-enhancing properties of inflammatory cells should be further investigated in PDR and PVR with regard to new therapeutic interventions.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008054	Lipid Peroxides	Peroxides produced in the presence of a free radical by the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in the cell in the presence of molecular oxygen. The formation of lipid peroxides results in the destruction of the original lipid leading to the loss of integrity of the membranes. They therefore cause a variety of toxic effects in vivo and their formation is considered a pathological process in biological systems. Their formation can be inhibited by antioxidants, such as vitamin E, structural separation or low oxygen tension.	Fatty Acid Hydroperoxide,Lipid Peroxide,Lipoperoxide,Fatty Acid Hydroperoxides,Lipid Hydroperoxide,Lipoperoxides,Acid Hydroperoxide, Fatty,Acid Hydroperoxides, Fatty,Hydroperoxide, Fatty Acid,Hydroperoxide, Lipid,Hydroperoxides, Fatty Acid,Peroxide, Lipid,Peroxides, Lipid
D008266	Macula Lutea	An oval area in the retina, 3 to 5 mm in diameter, usually located temporal to the posterior pole of the eye and slightly below the level of the optic disk. It is characterized by the presence of a yellow pigment diffusely permeating the inner layers, contains the fovea centralis in its center, and provides the best phototropic visual acuity. It is devoid of retinal blood vessels, except in its periphery, and receives nourishment from the choriocapillaris of the choroid. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	Lutea, Macula,Luteas, Macula,Macula Luteas
D009195	Peroxidase	A hemeprotein from leukocytes. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to a hereditary disorder coupled with disseminated moniliasis. It catalyzes the conversion of a donor and peroxide to an oxidized donor and water. EC 1.11.1.7.	Myeloperoxidase,Hemi-Myeloperoxidase,Hemi Myeloperoxidase
D012164	Retinal Diseases	Diseases involving the RETINA.	Disease, Retinal,Diseases, Retinal,Retinal Disease
D002462	Cell Membrane	The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.	Plasma Membrane,Cytoplasmic Membrane,Cell Membranes,Cytoplasmic Membranes,Membrane, Cell,Membrane, Cytoplasmic,Membrane, Plasma,Membranes, Cell,Membranes, Cytoplasmic,Membranes, Plasma,Plasma Membranes
D003930	Diabetic Retinopathy	Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	Diabetic Retinopathies,Retinopathies, Diabetic,Retinopathy, Diabetic
D005609	Free Radicals	Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. Free radicals include reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.	Free Radical
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D017392	Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances	Low-molecular-weight end products, probably malondialdehyde, that are formed during the decomposition of lipid peroxidation products. These compounds react with thiobarbituric acid to form a fluorescent red adduct.	TBARs
D018630	Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative	Vitreoretinal membrane shrinkage or contraction secondary to the proliferation of primarily retinal pigment epithelial cells and glial cells, particularly fibrous astrocytes, followed by membrane formation. The formation of fibrillar collagen and cellular proliferation appear to be the basis for the contractile properties of the epiretinal and vitreous membranes.	Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy,Vitreoretinopathy Neovascular Inflammatory,Inflammatories, Vitreoretinopathy Neovascular,Inflammatory, Vitreoretinopathy Neovascular,Neovascular Inflammatories, Vitreoretinopathy,Neovascular Inflammatory, Vitreoretinopathy,Proliferative Vitreoretinopathies,Vitreoretinopathies, Proliferative,Vitreoretinopathy Neovascular Inflammatories