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BACKGROUND Lipid pneumonia in children has rarely been described in Europe. In some countries, due to local customs, the course is chronic. This study describes an acute lipid pneumonia in a young boy. METHODS A 12 year-old boy, previously treated for a rhabdomyosarcoma, developed acute fever with thoracic pain. A chest radiograph revealed heterogenous consolidation. The patient was given oral antibiotics, although no improvement was observed. The diagnosis of lipid pneumonia was made by a bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage. Treatment with corticosteroids was started. Clinical manifestations improved rapidly. One month later, chest radiograph and biological findings were normal. CONCLUSIONS Diagnosis of lipid pneumonia should be considered in children with an acute febrile pneumonitis non resolving with antibiotic treatment. Examination of the fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage confirms the diagnosis.
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