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We used a whole-scalp magnetometer with 122 planar gradiometers to study the activity of the visual cortex of five blind humans deprived of visual input since early infancy. Magnetic responses were recorded to pitch changes in a sound sequence when the subjects were either counting these changes or ignoring the stimuli. In two of the blind subjects, magnetic resonance images were also obtained, showing normal visual cortex macroanatomy. In these subjects, the magnetic responses to counted pitch changes were located at visual and temporal cortices whereas ignored pitch changes activated the temporal cortices almost exclusively. Also in two of the other three blind, the visual-cortex activation was detectable in the auditory counting task. Our results suggest that the visual cortex of blind humans can participate in auditory discrimination.
T Kujala, and
M Huotilainen, and
J Sinkkonen, and
A I Ahonen, and
K Alho, and
M S Hämäläinen, and
R J Ilmoniemi, and
M Kajola, and
J E Knuutila, and
J Lavikainen
July 2003,
NeuroImage,
T Kujala, and
M Huotilainen, and
J Sinkkonen, and
A I Ahonen, and
K Alho, and
M S Hämäläinen, and
R J Ilmoniemi, and
M Kajola, and
J E Knuutila, and
J Lavikainen
September 2002,
The European journal of neuroscience,
T Kujala, and
M Huotilainen, and
J Sinkkonen, and
A I Ahonen, and
K Alho, and
M S Hämäläinen, and
R J Ilmoniemi, and
M Kajola, and
J E Knuutila, and
J Lavikainen
March 2005,
Neuroscience letters,
T Kujala, and
M Huotilainen, and
J Sinkkonen, and
A I Ahonen, and
K Alho, and
M S Hämäläinen, and
R J Ilmoniemi, and
M Kajola, and
J E Knuutila, and
J Lavikainen
March 2020,
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991),
T Kujala, and
M Huotilainen, and
J Sinkkonen, and
A I Ahonen, and
K Alho, and
M S Hämäläinen, and
R J Ilmoniemi, and
M Kajola, and
J E Knuutila, and
J Lavikainen
December 1971,
Perceptual and motor skills,
T Kujala, and
M Huotilainen, and
J Sinkkonen, and
A I Ahonen, and
K Alho, and
M S Hämäläinen, and
R J Ilmoniemi, and
M Kajola, and
J E Knuutila, and
J Lavikainen
January 2002,
Neuropsychologia,
T Kujala, and
M Huotilainen, and
J Sinkkonen, and
A I Ahonen, and
K Alho, and
M S Hämäläinen, and
R J Ilmoniemi, and
M Kajola, and
J E Knuutila, and
J Lavikainen
January 2000,
Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.),
T Kujala, and
M Huotilainen, and
J Sinkkonen, and
A I Ahonen, and
K Alho, and
M S Hämäläinen, and
R J Ilmoniemi, and
M Kajola, and
J E Knuutila, and
J Lavikainen
October 2004,
The European journal of neuroscience,
T Kujala, and
M Huotilainen, and
J Sinkkonen, and
A I Ahonen, and
K Alho, and
M S Hämäläinen, and
R J Ilmoniemi, and
M Kajola, and
J E Knuutila, and
J Lavikainen
June 2007,
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991),
T Kujala, and
M Huotilainen, and
J Sinkkonen, and
A I Ahonen, and
K Alho, and
M S Hämäläinen, and
R J Ilmoniemi, and
M Kajola, and
J E Knuutila, and
J Lavikainen
January 2024,
Communications biology,
