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The child was born when his mother was 23 years old. Her serum was negative for human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) using the gelatin particle agglutination (PA) method when she was 26.5 years. Three years later, she became seropositive for HTLV-I using both the PA method and ELISA. She had breast-fed her child for 3 years. The child was positive for anti-HTLV-I antibody at the age of 4.5 years. Vertical transmission of HTLV-I can occur in women with negative results from the PA method.
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