Tactile perception of ultrasound. 1995

D Dalecki, and S Z Child, and C H Raeman, and E L Carstensen
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rochester, New York 14627, USA.

In this investigation, acoustic radiation force was used as a stimulus to determine the threshold for tactile perception in the human finger and upper forearm as a function of frequency and pulse duration. Initially, a small (1.8-cm2) acoustically reflecting disk was affixed to the anatomical exposure site to maximize the delivered radiation force. Exposures were performed using a 2.2-MHz unfocused source modulated to produce square waves at 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 Hz. For the finger, maximum tactile sensitivity occurred at 200 Hz with a threshold radiation force of approximately 0.4 mN. For single pulses of 1 to 100 ms at 2.2 MHz, the threshold forces were an order of magnitude greater than for continuous exposure modulated at 200 Hz. Thresholds for pulse durations of 0.1 ms were somewhat greater than for pulses longer than 1 ms. Subsequently, thresholds of tactile perception were determined for direct exposure of the upper forearm (avoiding bone) to single pulses of 2.2-MHz ultrasound. Comparison of perception thresholds with and without a reflecting material over the tissue were consistent with the hypothesis that the tactile sensation experienced when tissue is exposed to ultrasound is its response to the radiation force associated with the transfer of momentum from the sound field to the tissue medium.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010465 Perception The process by which the nature and meaning of sensory stimuli are recognized and interpreted. Sensory Processing,Processing, Sensory
D011594 Psychometrics Assessment of psychological variables by the application of mathematical procedures. Psychometric
D004056 Differential Threshold The smallest difference which can be discriminated between two stimuli or one which is barely above the threshold. Difference Limen,Just-Noticeable Difference,Weber-Fechner Law,Difference Limens,Difference, Just-Noticeable,Differences, Just-Noticeable,Differential Thresholds,Just Noticeable Difference,Just-Noticeable Differences,Law, Weber-Fechner,Limen, Difference,Limens, Difference,Threshold, Differential,Thresholds, Differential,Weber Fechner Law
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000162 Acoustics The branch of physics that deals with sound and sound waves. In medicine it is often applied in procedures in speech and hearing studies. With regard to the environment, it refers to the characteristics of a room, auditorium, theatre, building, etc. that determines the audibility or fidelity of sounds in it. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed) Acoustic
D014110 Touch Sensation of making physical contact with objects, animate or inanimate. Tactile stimuli are detected by MECHANORECEPTORS in the skin and mucous membranes. Tactile Sense,Sense of Touch,Taction,Sense, Tactile,Senses, Tactile,Tactile Senses,Tactions,Touch Sense,Touch Senses
D014465 Ultrasonics A subfield of acoustics dealing in the radio frequency range higher than acoustic SOUND waves (approximately above 20 kilohertz). Ultrasonic radiation is used therapeutically (DIATHERMY and ULTRASONIC THERAPY) to generate HEAT and to selectively destroy tissues. It is also used in diagnostics, for example, ULTRASONOGRAPHY; ECHOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; and ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, to visually display echoes received from irradiated tissues. Ultrasonic

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