Biomaterial Database

In vitro and in vivo studies with different precipitate filter cartridges for H.E.L.P.-LDL-apheresis. Optimization of precipitate filter cartridges. 1995

G Morsch, and F Maywald, and C Wanner

B. Braun Melsungen AG, Sparte Medizintechnik, Abt. Extrakorporale Blutbehandlung, Melsungen, Germany.

Heparin-induced extracorporeal LDL-precipitation has successfully been used in lowering high serum cholesterol in patients with coronary heart disease due to familial hypercholesterolemia. In the continuous search to improve treatment facilities we attempted to increase the filtration capacity of low density lipoprotein by the precipitate filter of the H.E.L.P.-system. Therefore, the nominal filtration area was varied by decreasing the pleat count as well as the configuration of the precipitation filter membrane. The device was tested in vitro using fresh frozen plasma from healthy donors as well as in vivo treating 6 patients suffering from familial hypercholesterolemia and 18 patients with the nephrotic syndrome. The data show that the drop in pressure on the filtration side depended on the filtration volume and the filter configuration. Reducing the pleat number and in parallel the nominal filtration area by replacing the standard support on the outside of the membrane by a double or triple thick support results in an increase in plasma volume which can be treated. The optimal results were obtained using filters with a nominal filtration area of 0.8 +/- 0.1 m2 and a triple thick support on the retention side compared to the standard configuration. Therefore, even patients with extreme plasma viscosity such as patients with the nephrotic syndrome can effectively be treated by heparin-induced LDL-precipitation.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008077	Lipoproteins, LDL	A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and light (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and smaller amounts of TRIGLYCERIDES. The surface monolayer consists mostly of PHOSPHOLIPIDS, a single copy of APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main LDL function is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters to extrahepatic tissues.	Low-Density Lipoprotein,Low-Density Lipoproteins,beta-Lipoprotein,beta-Lipoproteins,LDL(1),LDL(2),LDL-1,LDL-2,LDL1,LDL2,Low-Density Lipoprotein 1,Low-Density Lipoprotein 2,LDL Lipoproteins,Lipoprotein, Low-Density,Lipoproteins, Low-Density,Low Density Lipoprotein,Low Density Lipoprotein 1,Low Density Lipoprotein 2,Low Density Lipoproteins,beta Lipoprotein,beta Lipoproteins
D008297	Male		Males
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D009404	Nephrotic Syndrome	A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.	Childhood Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome,Frequently Relapsing Nephrotic Syndrome,Multi-Drug Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome,Pediatric Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome,Steroid-Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome,Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome,Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome,Multi Drug Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome,Nephrotic Syndrome, Steroid-Dependent,Nephrotic Syndrome, Steroid-Resistant,Nephrotic Syndrome, Steroid-Sensitive,Nephrotic Syndromes,Steroid Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome,Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome,Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome,Steroid-Dependent Nephrotic Syndromes,Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndromes,Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndromes,Syndrome, Nephrotic,Syndrome, Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic
D011232	Chemical Precipitation	The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.	Precipitation, Chemical
D001781	Blood Component Removal	Any procedure in which blood is withdrawn from a donor, a portion is separated and retained, at the same time the remainder is returned to the donor.	Apheresis,Pheresis,Aphereses,Blood Component Removals,Phereses,Removal, Blood Component
D005260	Female		Females
D005374	Filtration	A process of separating particulate matter from a fluid, such as air or a liquid, by passing the fluid carrier through a medium that will not pass the particulates. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	Filtrations
D006493	Heparin	A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.	Heparinic Acid,alpha-Heparin,Heparin Sodium,Liquaemin,Sodium Heparin,Unfractionated Heparin,Heparin, Sodium,Heparin, Unfractionated,alpha Heparin
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man