Recent advances in parallel information processing of primates and humans have been reviewed. First, I review what is known about physiology and anatomy of the primate visual pathways. Several lines of evidence suggest that the primate visual system consists of the parvocellular (P) and the magnocellular (M) pathways. M-system originates from the A retinal ganglion cells that project to the visual cortex (V1) via the magnocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). This system plays an important role for motion and stereopsis. P-system derives from the B retinal ganglion cells that project to V1 via the parvocellular layers of the LGN. This system shows selectivity for color vision and form perception. Second, I focus on the information processing of the human visual pathways. Psychophysical evidence suggests that there are also P and M systems in humans. However, there have been few electrophysiological studies which intend to separate the responses specific to P and M systems in human visual evoked potentials (VEPs). Based on the physiological distinctions between P and M systems, the use of isoluminant color patterns and apparent motion display allows us to evaluate P and M systems, respectively.