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The mechanism by which hyperinsulinemia promotes atherogenesis is unknown. The effects of hyperinsulinemia on risk factors for atherosclerosis were investigated by subcutaneously injecting rats daily with an insulin-zinc suspension (20 U/kg) for 12 weeks. After this period, body mass and food consumption did not differ significantly between control and insulin-treated animals. Daily insulin injection significantly increased urinary excretion of epinephrine and decreased urinary excretion of norepinephrine and dopamine, but had no significant effect on blood pressure or heart rate. Although insulin decreased plasma triglyceride concentration by 44% (P < .01), the triglyceride to protein ratio in plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was increased by 34% (P < .05) in insulin-treated rats; the cholesterol to protein and triglyceride to protein ratios remained unaffected, indicating a change in the quality of the LDL particle. Insulin also increased the percentage of arachidonic acid (20:4) in LDL triglycerides by 37% (P < .05). In contrast, cholesteryl esters and triglycerides in the thoracic aorta were significantly increased (49% and 91%, respectively) by insulin treatment. Insulin increased the percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids and decreased the percentage of n-6 fatty acids, including arachidonate, in aortic triglycerides. Insulin also increased the percentage of palmitoleic acid (16:1) and decreased the percentages of saturated fatty acids and n-6 fatty acids in aortic cholesteryl esters. These results indicate that insulin induced deposition of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides, especially those containing monounsaturated fatty acids, and abnormal arachidonate distribution in LDL and tissues. The data further suggest that the development of atherosclerosis in response to hyperinsulinemia may be associated with arachidonate-rich triglycerides in LDL.
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T Ito
February 2000,
The American journal of clinical nutrition,
K Okumura, and
M Kikuchi, and
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T Ito
February 1984,
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K Okumura, and
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K Shimizu, and
Y Toki, and
H Hashimoto, and
T Ito
November 1986,
Metabolism: clinical and experimental,
K Okumura, and
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K Naruse, and
K Shimizu, and
Y Toki, and
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T Ito
April 2018,
British journal of pharmacology,
K Okumura, and
M Kikuchi, and
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November 1992,
Atherosclerosis,
K Okumura, and
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T Ito
November 1977,
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K Okumura, and
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July 1993,
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K Okumura, and
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T Ito
August 1994,
Coronary artery disease,
K Okumura, and
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H Hashimoto, and
T Ito
March 1986,
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K Okumura, and
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T Ito
January 1985,
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