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OBJECTIVE To assess the epidemiological factors linked to endometriosis in infertile women. METHODS Academic tertiary hospital. METHODS Case-control study. METHODS One hundred seventy-four infertile women with endometriosis and 174 infertile women without endometriosis, all of them studied by laparoscopy. RESULTS Women with endometriosis and infertility had a higher frequency of cycles < or = 27 days (26.4% versus 16.7%). A trend to a protective effect of smoking was detected. Social class, reproductive history, infertility history, previous abortions, age, family history, age at menarche, and duration of menstrual flow were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Cycles < or = 27 days was the only risk factor that seemed to be associated to endometriosis in infertile patients. However, predictive values were low. A trend to a protective effect of smoking was detected.
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