Expression of a homologue of the deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) gene in the nervous system of developing Xenopus embryos. 1994

W E Pierceall, and M A Reale, and A F Candia, and C V Wright, and K R Cho, and E R Fearon
Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536.

The deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) gene has been identified as a candidate tumor suppressor gene on the basis of frequent allelic loss and decreased or absent gene expression in several human cancer types, as well as somatic mutations in the gene in colorectal tumors. We have identified a Xenopus DCC homologue (XDCC alpha) predicted to encode a protein of 1427 amino acids and have characterized XDCC expression in developing embryos and adult tissues. The predicted amino acid sequences of XDCC alpha and human DCC are greater than 80% identical; each has four immunoglobulin-like domains, six fibronectin type III domains, and a cytoplasmic domain of about 325 amino acids. While RNase protection assays and immunoblotting studies failed to detect XDCC alpha expression in embryos prior to developmental stage 15, XDCC alpha expression was present in embryos from stages 19 to 46. Whole mount in situ hybridization studies localized XDCC alpha expression to developing forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain regions. DCC expression was inhibited by treatments that altered the development of mature neural structures; specifically, uv-ventralized embryos and exogastrulae had reduced DCC expression. These results indicate that XDCC alpha is developmentally regulated and expressed as a consequence of neural induction. Moreover, unlike some well-characterized tumor suppressor genes, such as the p53 and retinoblastoma genes, that are not differentially expressed in developing Xenopus embryos, the DCC gene may have a specific role in the morphogenesis of the brain and perhaps other tissues and organs.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008969 Molecular Sequence Data Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. Sequence Data, Molecular,Molecular Sequencing Data,Data, Molecular Sequence,Data, Molecular Sequencing,Sequencing Data, Molecular
D009420 Nervous System The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed) Nervous Systems,System, Nervous,Systems, Nervous
D011956 Receptors, Cell Surface Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands. Cell Surface Receptor,Cell Surface Receptors,Hormone Receptors, Cell Surface,Receptors, Endogenous Substances,Cell Surface Hormone Receptors,Endogenous Substances Receptors,Receptor, Cell Surface,Surface Receptor, Cell
D003001 Cloning, Molecular The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells. Molecular Cloning
D000075389 DCC Receptor A receptor for NETRIN-1 that contains four membrane distal (N-terminal) Ig-like C2 domains and six membrane proximal (C-terminal) fibronectin type III domains. It is expressed primarily in the nerve axons and differentiated intestinal cells and is required for AXON GUIDANCE, mediating axon attraction of neuronal GROWTH CONES; however, it may also trigger axon repulsion through association with the UNC5 netrin-1 receptor. DCC also induces APOPTOSIS when it is unbound from netrin-1. Deletions of the DCC gene are observed in tumor metastases and the protein is not expressed in undifferentiated COLORECTAL CARCINOMA cells. DCC Tumor Suppressor Protein,DCC-Netrin-1 Receptor,Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma Protein,DCC Netrin 1 Receptor,Receptor, DCC,Receptor, DCC-Netrin-1
D000595 Amino Acid Sequence The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION. Protein Structure, Primary,Amino Acid Sequences,Sequence, Amino Acid,Sequences, Amino Acid,Primary Protein Structure,Primary Protein Structures,Protein Structures, Primary,Structure, Primary Protein,Structures, Primary Protein
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012333 RNA, Messenger RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm. Messenger RNA,Messenger RNA, Polyadenylated,Poly(A) Tail,Poly(A)+ RNA,Poly(A)+ mRNA,RNA, Messenger, Polyadenylated,RNA, Polyadenylated,mRNA,mRNA, Non-Polyadenylated,mRNA, Polyadenylated,Non-Polyadenylated mRNA,Poly(A) RNA,Polyadenylated mRNA,Non Polyadenylated mRNA,Polyadenylated Messenger RNA,Polyadenylated RNA,RNA, Polyadenylated Messenger,mRNA, Non Polyadenylated
D014982 Xenopus laevis The commonest and widest ranging species of the clawed "frog" (Xenopus) in Africa. This species is used extensively in research. There is now a significant population in California derived from escaped laboratory animals. Platanna,X. laevis,Platannas,X. laevi
D015815 Cell Adhesion Molecules Surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. Their functions include the assembly and interconnection of various vertebrate systems, as well as maintenance of tissue integration, wound healing, morphogenic movements, cellular migrations, and metastasis. Cell Adhesion Molecule,Intercellular Adhesion Molecule,Intercellular Adhesion Molecules,Leukocyte Adhesion Molecule,Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules,Saccharide-Mediated Cell Adhesion Molecules,Saccharide Mediated Cell Adhesion Molecules,Adhesion Molecule, Cell,Adhesion Molecule, Intercellular,Adhesion Molecule, Leukocyte,Adhesion Molecules, Cell,Adhesion Molecules, Intercellular,Adhesion Molecules, Leukocyte,Molecule, Cell Adhesion,Molecule, Intercellular Adhesion,Molecule, Leukocyte Adhesion,Molecules, Cell Adhesion,Molecules, Intercellular Adhesion,Molecules, Leukocyte Adhesion

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