Biomaterial Database

Surgical planning using three-dimensional imaging and computer modeling. 1994

N J Mankovich, and D Samson, and W Pratt, and D Lew, and J Beumer

UCLA School of Medicine, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar.

The acquisition, processing, and use of three-dimensional (3D) imaging provide new insights into normal and abnormal craniofacial anatomy. In this article, characteristics of CT and MRI scanning are reviewed along with the methods used to delineate tissues and produce 3D patient displays, including contouring, shaded surface, and volumetric processing. The use of 3D model fabrication for surgical planning is discussed with examples of the production of a custom CT-based auricle model and the use of rapid prototyping technology to create models for custom alloplastic implant surgery. The review concludes with some speculation about the future of 3D medical imaging as it will influence surgical training and practice over the coming decades.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D003952	Diagnostic Imaging	Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.	Imaging, Diagnostic,Imaging, Medical,Medical Imaging
D004423	Ear	The hearing and equilibrium system of the body. It consists of three parts: the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR. Sound waves are transmitted through this organ where vibration is transduced to nerve signals that pass through the ACOUSTIC NERVE to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The inner ear also contains the vestibular organ that maintains equilibrium by transducing signals to the VESTIBULAR NERVE.	Vestibulocochlear System,Vestibulocochlear Apparatus,Apparatus, Vestibulocochlear,Ears,System, Vestibulocochlear
D005145	Face	The anterior portion of the head that includes the skin, muscles, and structures of the forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, and jaw.	Faces
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012886	Skull	The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.	Calvaria,Cranium,Calvarium,Skulls
D013518	Surgery, Plastic	The branch of surgery concerned with restoration, reconstruction, or improvement of defective, damaged, or missing structures.	Cosmetic Surgery,Esthetic Surgery,Plastic Surgery,Surgery, Cosmetic,Surgery, Esthetic,Reconstructive Surgery,Surgery, Reconstructive
D019736	Prostheses and Implants	Artificial substitutes for body parts, and materials inserted into tissue for functional, cosmetic, or therapeutic purposes. Prostheses can be functional, as in the case of artificial arms and legs, or cosmetic, as in the case of an artificial eye. Implants, all surgically inserted or grafted into the body, tend to be used therapeutically. IMPLANTS, EXPERIMENTAL is available for those used experimentally.	Implants, Artificial,Prostheses and Implant,Prosthesis,Prosthetic Implant,Endoprostheses,Endoprosthesis,Prostheses,Prosthetic Implants,Artificial Implant,Artificial Implants,Implant and Prostheses,Implant, Artificial,Implant, Prosthetic,Implants and Prostheses,Implants, Prosthetic