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Release of vasodilator, but not vasoconstrictor, neuropeptides and of enteroglucagon by intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion in the rat. 1994

L Meleagros, and M A Ghatei, and S R Bloom
Department of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London.

Reperfusion of ischaemic intestine is characterised by an initial hyperaemia with ensuing mucosal repair. This study investigated possible roles for gut vasoactive neuropeptides and trophic peptides in these phenomena. Groups of rats were monitored during superior mesenteric artery occlusion for five or 20 minutes, with or without subsequent reperfusion for five minutes. Peptide concentrations (fmol/ml) in arterial blood, were measured using specific radioimmunoassays. Intestinal ischaemia alone did not cause haemodynamic disturbance or peptide release. Reperfusion, after five minutes of ischaemia, resulted in arterial hypotension and a rise in plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (mean (SEM)) (37 (3), control 11 (4), p < 0.001). After 20 minutes of ischaemia, reperfusion resulted in greater hypotension (p < 0.05) and release of both vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (31 (3), p < 0.05 v control) and the more potent vasodilator beta-calcitonin gene related peptide (49 (3), control 23 (1), p < 0.001). By contrast, the vasodilators alpha-calcitonin gene related peptide and substance P and the vasoconstrictors neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, and somatostatin were not released. Bombesin, a stimulatory neuropeptide, was released after 20 minutes of ischaemia/reperfusion (13 (2), control 7 (3), p < 0.05). Plasma enteroglucagon rose from control (51 (4)) to 110 (16) (p < 0.001) and to 158 (27) (p < 0.005) after five and 20 minutes of ischaemia/reperfusion. The potent enteric vasodilators vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and beta-calcitonin gene related peptide, unopposed by vasoconstrictors, may promote post-ischaemic intestinal hyperaemia. The rise in plasma enteroglucagon may point to diffuse mucosal injury and is consistent with the putative trophic role of this peptide.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007422 Intestines The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE. Intestine
D007511 Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION. Ischemias
D008297 Male Males
D001794 Blood Pressure PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS. Systolic Pressure,Diastolic Pressure,Pulse Pressure,Pressure, Blood,Pressure, Diastolic,Pressure, Pulse,Pressure, Systolic,Pressures, Systolic
D001839 Bombesin A tetradecapeptide originally obtained from the skins of toads Bombina bombina and B. variegata. It is also an endogenous neurotransmitter in many animals including mammals. Bombesin affects vascular and other smooth muscle, gastric secretion, and renal circulation and function. Bombesin 14,Bombesin Dihydrochloride,Dihydrochloride, Bombesin
D004763 Glucagon-Like Peptides Peptides derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of pancreatic GLUCAGON. Despite expression of proglucagon in multiple tissues, the major production site of glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) is the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLPs include glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon-like peptide 2, and the various truncated forms. Enteroglucagon,Enteroglucagons,Glucagon-Like Peptide,Glucagon-Like Polypeptide,Gut Glucagon,Glucagon-Like Polypeptides,Glucagon Like Peptide,Glucagon Like Peptides,Glucagon Like Polypeptide,Glucagon Like Polypeptides,Glucagon, Gut,Peptide, Glucagon-Like,Polypeptide, Glucagon-Like
D006339 Heart Rate The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute. Cardiac Rate,Chronotropism, Cardiac,Heart Rate Control,Heartbeat,Pulse Rate,Cardiac Chronotropy,Cardiac Chronotropism,Cardiac Rates,Chronotropy, Cardiac,Control, Heart Rate,Heart Rates,Heartbeats,Pulse Rates,Rate Control, Heart,Rate, Cardiac,Rate, Heart,Rate, Pulse
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014660 Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE). VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide),Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide,Vasointestinal Peptide,Intestinal Peptide, Vasoactive,Intestinal Polypeptide, Vasoactive,Peptide, Vasoactive Intestinal,Peptide, Vasointestinal,Polypeptide, Vasoactive Intestinal
D015424 Reperfusion Restoration of blood supply to tissue which is ischemic due to decrease in normal blood supply. The decrease may result from any source including atherosclerotic obstruction, narrowing of the artery, or surgical clamping. It is primarily a procedure for treating infarction or other ischemia, by enabling viable ischemic tissue to recover, thus limiting further necrosis. However, it is thought that reperfusion can itself further damage the ischemic tissue, causing REPERFUSION INJURY. Reperfusions

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