Evaluation of alternative alloys to type III gold for use in fixed prosthodontics. 1976

D A Nitkin, and K Asgar

A study was done to evaluate the fit of castings made from commercially available alloys promoted by their manufacturers as cheaper alternatives to type III gold for use in fixed prosthodontics. Two nickel-chromium alloys, two silver-palladium alloys, two gold-silver-palladium alloys, a 50% gold alloy, and a type III conventional gold alloy (used as a basis of comparison) were evaluated. After optimum conditions for waxing, investing, and casting were determined experimentally, four crowns (two full crowns and two three quarter crowns) were cast from each alloy. The castings were cleaned by pickling or sandblasting and placed on their respective dies. Only one casting was made from each die. Ten judges were asked to evaluate the marginal fit and completeness of each casting on its die. The judges rated each casting and the ratings were converted into rankings. Type III gold and Forticast tied and were ranked first; Paliney CB was ranked second; Alborium and Albacast tied and ranked third; Aurolite CB was ranked fourth; and Jelenko Experimental and Howmedica III tied and ranked fifth. It was found that the nickel-chromium alloys produced castings that had a tight fit and showed marginal discrepancies even under conditions designed to yield maximum expansion of the investment. These nonprecious metal castings were judged inferior in terms of fit when compared with castings made from noble metal-and precious metal-containing alloys. Existing investments and techniques were adequate for all castings except those made from the nonprecious alloys. It was concluded that low (approximately lambda 50%) gold alloys and palladium-silver-gold alloys that are commerically available can be used as substitutes for type III gold alloy without any loss inthe quality of casting fit.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009532 Nickel A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.
D010165 Palladium A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.
D002858 Chromium Alloys Specific alloys not less than 85% chromium and nickel or cobalt, with traces of either nickel or cobalt, molybdenum, and other substances. They are used in partial dentures, orthopedic implants, etc. Chromium-Cobalt Alloys,Chromium-Nickel Alloys,Cobalt-Chromium Alloys,Nickel-Chromium Alloys,Alloys, Chromium,Alloys, Chromium-Cobalt,Alloys, Chromium-Nickel,Alloys, Cobalt-Chromium,Alloys, Nickel-Chromium,Chromium Cobalt Alloys,Chromium Nickel Alloys,Cobalt Chromium Alloys,Nickel Chromium Alloys
D003442 Crowns A prosthetic restoration that reproduces the entire surface anatomy of the visible natural crown of a tooth. It may be partial (covering three or more surfaces of a tooth) or complete (covering all surfaces). It is made of gold or other metal, porcelain, or resin. Dental Crowns,Crown, Dental,Crowns, Dental,Dental Crown,Crown
D003722 Dental Alloys A mixture of metallic elements or compounds with other metallic or metalloid elements in varying proportions for use in restorative or prosthetic dentistry. Alloy, Dental,Alloys, Dental,Dental Alloy
D003735 Dental Casting Technique The process of producing a form or impression made of metal or plaster using a mold. Casting Technic, Dental,Casting Technics, Dental,Casting Technique, Dental,Casting Techniques, Dental,Dental Casting Technic,Dental Casting Technics,Dental Casting Techniques,Technic, Dental Casting,Technics, Dental Casting,Technique, Dental Casting,Techniques, Dental Casting
D006047 Gold Alloys Alloys that contain a high percentage of gold. They are used in restorative or prosthetic dentistry. Gold Alloy,Alloy, Gold,Alloys, Gold
D012834 Silver An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.
D014885 Waxes A plastic substance deposited by insects or obtained from plants. Waxes are esters of various fatty acids with higher, usually monohydric alcohols. The wax of pharmacy is principally yellow wax (beeswax), the material of which honeycomb is made. It consists chiefly of cerotic acid and myricin and is used in making ointments, cerates, etc. (Dorland, 27th ed)

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