-transparent.png){kind=logo}
OBJECTIVE Dysthymia is generally believed to be associated with a high rate of DSM-III-R axis II comorbidity. However, it is unclear whether this rate is higher than that for other axis I disorders, how many dysthymic patients have personality disorders, and what the most common co-occurring axis II conditions are. METHODS Ninety-seven outpatients with early-on-set dysthymia and 45 with episodic major depression were administered structured diagnostic interviews for axis I and II disorders. In addition, knowledgeable informants were independently interviewed about axis II conditions in the patients. RESULTS A significantly greater proportion of dysthymic patients (60%) than patients with episodic major depression (18%) met criteria for a personality disorder. The most common axis II conditions among dysthymic patients were borderline, histrionic, and avoidant personality disorder. Informants' reports yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that early-onset dysthymia is associated with significantly greater axis II comorbidity than episodic major depression. Further work is necessary to elucidate the processes underlying this association.
C M Pepper, and
D N Klein, and
R L Anderson, and
L P Riso, and
P C Ouimette, and
H Lizardi
September 1988,
The American journal of psychiatry,
C M Pepper, and
D N Klein, and
R L Anderson, and
L P Riso, and
P C Ouimette, and
H Lizardi
August 2000,
Journal of abnormal psychology,
C M Pepper, and
D N Klein, and
R L Anderson, and
L P Riso, and
P C Ouimette, and
H Lizardi
September 1991,
The Psychiatric clinics of North America,
C M Pepper, and
D N Klein, and
R L Anderson, and
L P Riso, and
P C Ouimette, and
H Lizardi
January 1993,
Progress in experimental personality & psychopathology research,
C M Pepper, and
D N Klein, and
R L Anderson, and
L P Riso, and
P C Ouimette, and
H Lizardi
October 1991,
The American journal of psychiatry,
C M Pepper, and
D N Klein, and
R L Anderson, and
L P Riso, and
P C Ouimette, and
H Lizardi
April 1996,
Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.),
C M Pepper, and
D N Klein, and
R L Anderson, and
L P Riso, and
P C Ouimette, and
H Lizardi
July 1996,
Journal of affective disorders,
C M Pepper, and
D N Klein, and
R L Anderson, and
L P Riso, and
P C Ouimette, and
H Lizardi
May 1991,
Journal of abnormal psychology,
C M Pepper, and
D N Klein, and
R L Anderson, and
L P Riso, and
P C Ouimette, and
H Lizardi
January 1998,
Depression and anxiety,
C M Pepper, and
D N Klein, and
R L Anderson, and
L P Riso, and
P C Ouimette, and
H Lizardi
February 1992,
Archives of general psychiatry,
