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Replication, establishment of latent infection, expression of the latency-associated transcripts and explant reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 gamma 34.5 mutants in a mouse eye model. 1995

J G Spivack, and M U Fareed, and T Valyi-Nagy, and T C Nash, and J S O'Keefe, and R M Gesser, and E A McKie, and A R MacLean, and N W Fraser, and S M Brown
Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104.

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gamma 34.5 gene is located within a region that is transcriptionally active during latent HSV-1 infection. To determine whether the gamma 34.5 gene deletion affects latency-associated transcript (LAT) gene expression or latent HSV-1 infection, a gamma 34.5 gene deletion mutant, 1716, and a stop codon insertion mutant, 1771, were studied in the mouse eye model. Although the gamma 34.5 gene is not essential, 1716 and 1771 replicated poorly in mouse eyes and trigeminal ganglia (TG). When mice were inoculated with 1716, infectious virus was detected in eyes only on the first day post-infection (p.i.), and was not detected at any time point in TG. Following inoculation with 1771, a small amount of virus was detected in the eyes on days 2 and 4 p.i., and in the TG of one animal on day 2 p.i. Reactivation of virus from mice latently infected with 1716 (0/30 TG) and 1771 (1/20 TG) was extremely low compared with the parental strain, 17+, and appropriate rescuants (80 to 100% reactivation), even though latent 1716 DNA was detected by PCR in 50% of TG. These results differ from those obtained following footpad inoculation; in the footpad there was limited 1716 replication and reactivatable latent infection was established in some dorsal root ganglia. The data support the hypothesis that the role of gamma 34.5 may be tissue and/or cell type specific. The synthesis, processing, and stability of the 2.0 kb LAT during 1716 and 1771 replication was not affected by these mutations in the gamma 34.5 gene. However, during latent infection of 1716 in mice the LATs were not detectable in TG by Northern blot, and were present in reduced amounts (approximately 10-fold less) during 1771 latency. The LATs from 1716 were barely detectable in a few neurons by in situ hybridization. Therefore, the gamma 34.5 gene might (i) affect replication in the eye, and reduce the amount of virus available to establish latent infection, be directly involved in (ii) establishment of latency, and/or (iii) the reactivation process.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008807 Mice, Inbred BALB C An inbred strain of mouse that is widely used in IMMUNOLOGY studies and cancer research. BALB C Mice, Inbred,BALB C Mouse, Inbred,Inbred BALB C Mice,Inbred BALB C Mouse,Mice, BALB C,Mouse, BALB C,Mouse, Inbred BALB C,BALB C Mice,BALB C Mouse
D008969 Molecular Sequence Data Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. Sequence Data, Molecular,Molecular Sequencing Data,Data, Molecular Sequence,Data, Molecular Sequencing,Sequencing Data, Molecular
D002478 Cells, Cultured Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others. Cultured Cells,Cell, Cultured,Cultured Cell
D004279 DNA, Viral Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. Viral DNA
D005123 Eye The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light. Eyes
D005260 Female Females
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001483 Base Sequence The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence. DNA Sequence,Nucleotide Sequence,RNA Sequence,DNA Sequences,Base Sequences,Nucleotide Sequences,RNA Sequences,Sequence, Base,Sequence, DNA,Sequence, Nucleotide,Sequence, RNA,Sequences, Base,Sequences, DNA,Sequences, Nucleotide,Sequences, RNA
D012333 RNA, Messenger RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm. Messenger RNA,Messenger RNA, Polyadenylated,Poly(A) Tail,Poly(A)+ RNA,Poly(A)+ mRNA,RNA, Messenger, Polyadenylated,RNA, Polyadenylated,mRNA,mRNA, Non-Polyadenylated,mRNA, Polyadenylated,Non-Polyadenylated mRNA,Poly(A) RNA,Polyadenylated mRNA,Non Polyadenylated mRNA,Polyadenylated Messenger RNA,Polyadenylated RNA,RNA, Polyadenylated Messenger,mRNA, Non Polyadenylated
D012668 Trigeminal Ganglion The semilunar-shaped ganglion containing the cells of origin of most of the sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve. It is situated within the dural cleft on the cerebral surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and gives off the ophthalmic, maxillary, and part of the mandibular nerves. Gasserian Ganglion,Semilunar Ganglion,Gasser's Ganglion,Trigeminal Ganglia,Ganglia, Trigeminal,Ganglion, Gasser's,Ganglion, Gasserian,Ganglion, Semilunar,Ganglion, Trigeminal,Gasser Ganglion,Gassers Ganglion,Semilunar Ganglions,Trigeminal Ganglias,Trigeminal Ganglions

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