Biomaterial Database

Approaches to a vaccine against hepatitis A: development and manufacture of an inactivated vaccine. 1995

F E André

SmithKline Beecham Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium.

The basis for the development of a vaccine against hepatitis A was laid in the 1970s, when virus was replicated in cell culture. Adaptation to growth in cell culture resulted in attenuation and sufficient quantities of virus particles, allowing the development of both live attenuated and inactivated vaccines. Testing of candidate vaccines in volunteers began in the early 1980s. Recently, a formaldehyde-inactivated whole-virion hepatitis A vaccine, the first licensed vaccine against hepatitis A, was introduced in many countries worldwide, and a live attenuated vaccine became available in the People's Republic of China. Other possible avenues for vaccine development include the use of either conventional or recombinant DNA techniques to obtain subunit vaccines, empty capsids, live viral or bacterial vectors, genetic immunization, synthetic peptides, and anti-idiotypes.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D002213	Capsid	The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid. Capsids are composed of repeating units (capsomers or capsomeres) of CAPSID PROTEINS which when assembled together form either an icosahedral or helical shape.	Procapsid,Prohead,Capsids,Procapsids,Proheads
D006506	Hepatitis A	INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.	Hepatitis, Infectious,Infectious Hepatitis,Hepatitides, Infectious,Infectious Hepatitides
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D014613	Vaccines, Attenuated	Live vaccines prepared from microorganisms which have undergone physical adaptation (e.g., by radiation or temperature conditioning) or serial passage in laboratory animal hosts or infected tissue/cell cultures, in order to produce avirulent mutant strains capable of inducing protective immunity.	Attenuated Vaccine,Vaccines, Live, Attenuated,Attenuated Vaccines,Vaccine, Attenuated
D014614	Vaccines, Synthetic	Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.	Antigens, Synthetic,Chemical Vaccine,Chemical Vaccines,Immunogens, Synthetic,Molecular Vaccine,Molecular Vaccines,Recombinant Vaccine,Semisynthetic Vaccine,Semisynthetic Vaccines,Synthetic Antigen,Synthetic Vaccine,Synthetic Vaccines,Vaccines, Recombinant,Synthetic Antigens,Synthetic Immunogens,Vaccines, Chemical,Vaccines, Molecular,Vaccines, Semisynthetic,Antigen, Synthetic,Recombinant Vaccines,Vaccine, Chemical,Vaccine, Molecular,Vaccine, Recombinant,Vaccine, Semisynthetic,Vaccine, Synthetic
D014761	Viral Hepatitis Vaccines	Any vaccine raised against any virus or viral derivative that causes hepatitis.	Hepatitis, Viral, Vaccines,Hepatitis Vaccines, Viral,Vaccines, Viral Hepatitis
D015164	Vaccines, Inactivated	Vaccines in which the infectious microbial nucleic acid components have been destroyed by chemical or physical treatment (e.g., formalin, beta-propiolactone, gamma radiation) without affecting the antigenicity or immunogenicity of the viral coat or bacterial outer membrane proteins.	Inactivated Vaccine,Killed Vaccine,Killed Vaccines,Vaccines, Killed,Inactivated Vaccines,Vaccine, Inactivated,Vaccine, Killed
D017957	Hepatitis A Virus, Human	A strain of HEPATITIS A VIRUS which causes hepatitis in humans. The virus replicates in hepatocytes and is presumed to reach the intestine via the bile duct. Transmission occurs by the fecal-oral route.	Human hepatitis A virus
D022362	Hepatitis A Vaccines	Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with hepatitis A virus (HEPATOVIRUS).	Havrix,Hepatitis A Vaccine,Hepatovirus Vaccines,Vaqta,Vaccine, Hepatitis A,Vaccines, Hepatitis A,Vaccines, Hepatovirus