Oral rehydration solutions: increased water and sodium absorption by addition of a viscosity-enhancing agent in a rat model of chronic osmotic diarrhea. 1994

J T Go, and R G Harper, and C G Sia, and S Teichberg, and R A Wapnir
Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital-Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, New York 11030.

Viscosity-enhancing agents such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) can alter absorption of solutes and fluid exchange in the small intestine. We investigated whether the standard World Health Organization oral rehydration solution (WHO-ORS) with the addition of CMC would improve net water and sodium absorption in rats using an in vivo intestinal perfusion technique. Four WHO-ORS, containing either 0, 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 g/L of CMC, were perfused in rats with a well-tested model of cathartic-induced chronic osmotic diarrhea (D) and in normal controls (C). In D rats, the ORSs with CMC improved sodium absorption at the three concentrations used (p < 0.01). The same effect was shown in C rats. Net water absorption was also enhanced in D rats given ORSs with CMC, although the changes in C animals were less marked. The improvement in sodium and water absorption in both C and D rats positively correlated with the log of relative ORS viscosity. Ultrastructural examination of tissues perfused with 10 g/L of CMC showed an extended brush border glycocalyx. This study indicates that CMC added to WHO-ORS in the perfused rat jejunum improves the effectiveness of the solution by increasing sodium and water absorption.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007408 Intestinal Absorption Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES. Absorption, Intestinal
D008297 Male Males
D008854 Microscopy, Electron Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen. Electron Microscopy
D002266 Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium A cellulose derivative which is a beta-(1,4)-D-glucopyranose polymer. It is used as a bulk laxative and as an emulsifier and thickener in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and as a stabilizer for reagents. Carboxymethyl Cellulose,Carboxymethylcellulose,Aquacel,Aquaplast,Carmellose Sodium,Cellolax,Cethylose,Croscarmellose Sodium,Polycell,Ruspol,Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose,Carboxymethylcellulose, Sodium,Cellulose, Carboxymethyl,Sodium, Carboxymethylcellulose,Sodium, Carmellose,Sodium, Croscarmellose
D002908 Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). Chronic Condition,Chronic Illness,Chronically Ill,Chronic Conditions,Chronic Diseases,Chronic Illnesses,Condition, Chronic,Disease, Chronic,Illness, Chronic
D003967 Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight. Diarrheas
D004195 Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. Animal Disease Model,Animal Disease Models,Disease Model, Animal
D005440 Fluid Therapy Therapy whose basic objective is to restore the volume and composition of the body fluids to normal with respect to WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE. Fluids may be administered intravenously, orally, by intermittent gavage, or by HYPODERMOCLYSIS. Oral Rehydration Therapy,Rehydration,Rehydration, Oral,Oral Rehydration,Rehydration Therapy, Oral,Therapy, Fluid,Therapy, Oral Rehydration,Fluid Therapies,Oral Rehydration Therapies,Oral Rehydrations,Rehydration Therapies, Oral,Rehydrations,Rehydrations, Oral,Therapies, Fluid,Therapies, Oral Rehydration
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012964 Sodium A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23. Sodium Ion Level,Sodium-23,Ion Level, Sodium,Level, Sodium Ion,Sodium 23

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