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Parasite-induced IL-12 stimulates early IFN-gamma synthesis and resistance during acute infection with Toxoplasma gondii. 1994

R T Gazzinelli, and M Wysocka, and S Hayashi, and E Y Denkers, and S Hieny, and P Caspar, and G Trinchieri, and A Sher
Immunology and Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.

In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to assess the involvement of IL-12 in resistance to acute and chronic infection with an avirulent strain of Toxoplasma gondii. Our previous findings implicated macrophages as a major source of parasite-induced IL-12. This finding was confirmed by showing that peritoneal macrophages exposed to either live parasites or soluble tachyzoite Ags produce IL-12 protein. In mice, increased expression of IL-12 (p40) mRNA in both spleen and peritoneal cells was detected as early as 2 days postinfection. Treatment with neutralizing mAbs against IL-12 increased the susceptibility of C57BL/6, BALB/c, and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice to acute infection, which resulted in 100% mortality within the first 15 days after parasite inoculation. In contrast, neutralization of endogenously produced IL-12 had no effect when given during chronic infection. In agreement with the survival data, treatment with anti-IL-12 resulted in decreased IFN-gamma and enhanced Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokine synthesis by splenocytes when given during acute, but not chronic, toxoplasmosis. Sorting experiments on spleen cells from acutely infected mice indicated that both CD4+ lymphocytes and NK1.1+/CD3- cells contribute to the early IFN-gamma response. In contrast, CD4+ cells were found to be the major source of the cytokine during chronic disease. Together, these results suggest that the stimulation of macrophage-derived IL-12 plays a major role in both the induction of resistance and Th1 cell subset selection in acute T. gondii infection, but may not be required to maintain established immunity.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007371 Interferon-gamma The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. Interferon Type II,Interferon, Immune,gamma-Interferon,Interferon, gamma,Type II Interferon,Immune Interferon,Interferon, Type II
D007378 Interleukins Soluble factors which stimulate growth-related activities of leukocytes as well as other cell types. They enhance cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA synthesis, secretion of other biologically active molecules and responses to immune and inflammatory stimuli. Interleukin
D007694 Killer Cells, Natural Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type. NK Cells,Natural Killer Cells,Cell, NK,Cell, Natural Killer,Cells, NK,Cells, Natural Killer,Killer Cell, Natural,NK Cell,Natural Killer Cell
D008815 Mice, Inbred Strains Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation. Inbred Mouse Strains,Inbred Strain of Mice,Inbred Strain of Mouse,Inbred Strains of Mice,Mouse, Inbred Strain,Inbred Mouse Strain,Mouse Inbred Strain,Mouse Inbred Strains,Mouse Strain, Inbred,Mouse Strains, Inbred,Strain, Inbred Mouse,Strains, Inbred Mouse
D005260 Female Females
D005434 Flow Cytometry Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake. Cytofluorometry, Flow,Cytometry, Flow,Flow Microfluorimetry,Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting,Microfluorometry, Flow,Cell Sorting, Fluorescence-Activated,Cell Sortings, Fluorescence-Activated,Cytofluorometries, Flow,Cytometries, Flow,Flow Cytofluorometries,Flow Cytofluorometry,Flow Cytometries,Flow Microfluorometries,Flow Microfluorometry,Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting,Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sortings,Microfluorimetry, Flow,Microfluorometries, Flow,Sorting, Fluorescence-Activated Cell,Sortings, Fluorescence-Activated Cell
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000913 Antibodies, Protozoan Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS. Protozoan Antibodies
D000953 Antigens, Protozoan Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered. Protozoan Antigens
D013154 Spleen An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

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