Patients with chronic uraemia and renal transplant recipients were examined for oto-rhino-laryngological diseases over the course of a five-year period. During dialysis treatment, 58 out of 77 chronic uraemic patients developed complications, mainly affecting the nose and the ear, on a degenerative or toxic uraemic basis. In the period under review, renal transplantations were carried out in 63 patients, in whom infectious processes had occurred mainly in the upper respiratory and digestive tracts; postoperative immuno-suppressive therapy is responsible for the morbidity in these cases. Particular reference is made to the necessity of eradicating any possible sources of infection already during the period of dialysis treatment and to the importance of cooperation between physicians and oto-rhino-laryngologists.