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Effects of dopamine on prolactin: interactions with cocaine self-administration by female rhesus monkeys. 1994

N K Mello, and J H Mendelson, and J M Drieze, and S K Teoh, and M L Kelly, and J W Sholar
Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts.

The effects of dopamine on regulation of prolactin secretion were studied in female rhesus monkeys before cocaine exposure and again after 2 months to 2.7 years of daily cocaine self-administration. During chronic cocaine exposure, basal prolactin levels increased by 227 to 350% above drug-free control levels (P < .05). On each endocrine study day, three successive 80-min dopamine infusions (10 micrograms/kg/min i.v.) were alternated with 20-min interruptions of dopamine infusions to assess the degree of prolactin suppression and the magnitude of postdopamine prolactin increases. Dopamine significantly reduced prolactin below base-line levels within 60 to 80 min under all conditions (P < .05-.01). In four drug-naive follicular phase females, postdopamine increases in prolactin never exceeded predopamine base-line levels of 6.2 (+/- 1.8) ng/ml. After an average of 74 days of cocaine self-administration [3.7 (+/- 0.11) mg/kg/day], the postdopamine prolactin increases were significantly higher than during drug-free control conditions (P < .01) and reached hyperprolactinemic levels of 57.6 ng/ml. After an average of 300 days of cocaine self-administration [6.5 (+/- 0.06) mg/kg/day], postdopamine prolactin increases peaked at 339% above predopamine basal prolactin levels. After an average of 433 days of cocaine self-administration [6.45 (+/- 0.08) mg/kg/day] postdopamine prolactin increases remained significantly higher (P < .01) than during drug-free conditions. A similar pattern of postdopamine prolactin increases to hyperprolactinemic levels (ranging from 44.5 to 141.2 ng/ml) also were measured in two other females studied after 19 to 20 months of cocaine self-administration [6.21 (+/- 0.11) and 7.49 (+/- 0.17) mg/kg/day]. After 2.7 years of cocaine self-administration, one monkey developed persistent hyperprolactinemia and basal prolactin levels averaged 326 ng/ml after 89 days of cocaine abstinence. These data suggest that the prolactin secretory response to dopamine perturbation may provide a sensitive index of changes in dopaminergic regulation of prolactin during chronic cocaine exposure.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008253 Macaca mulatta A species of the genus MACACA inhabiting India, China, and other parts of Asia. The species is used extensively in biomedical research and adapts very well to living with humans. Chinese Rhesus Macaques,Macaca mulatta lasiota,Monkey, Rhesus,Rhesus Monkey,Rhesus Macaque,Chinese Rhesus Macaque,Macaca mulatta lasiotas,Macaque, Rhesus,Rhesus Macaque, Chinese,Rhesus Macaques,Rhesus Macaques, Chinese,Rhesus Monkeys
D011388 Prolactin A lactogenic hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). It is a polypeptide of approximately 23 kD. Besides its major action on lactation, in some species prolactin exerts effects on reproduction, maternal behavior, fat metabolism, immunomodulation and osmoregulation. Prolactin receptors are present in the mammary gland, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, testis, and prostate. Lactogenic Hormone, Pituitary,Mammotropic Hormone, Pituitary,Mammotropin,PRL (Prolactin),Hormone, Pituitary Lactogenic,Hormone, Pituitary Mammotropic,Pituitary Lactogenic Hormone,Pituitary Mammotropic Hormone
D003042 Cocaine An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake. Cocaine HCl,Cocaine Hydrochloride,HCl, Cocaine,Hydrochloride, Cocaine
D004298 Dopamine One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action. Hydroxytyramine,3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine,4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol,Dopamine Hydrochloride,Intropin,3,4 Dihydroxyphenethylamine,Hydrochloride, Dopamine
D005260 Female Females
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012646 Self Administration Administration of a drug or chemical by the individual under the direction of a physician. It includes administration clinically or experimentally, by human or animal. Administration, Self,Administrations, Self,Self Administrations
D013375 Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug. Drug Withdrawal Symptoms,Withdrawal Symptoms,Drug Withdrawal Symptom,Substance Withdrawal Syndromes,Symptom, Drug Withdrawal,Symptom, Withdrawal,Symptoms, Drug Withdrawal,Symptoms, Withdrawal,Syndrome, Substance Withdrawal,Syndromes, Substance Withdrawal,Withdrawal Symptom,Withdrawal Symptom, Drug,Withdrawal Symptoms, Drug,Withdrawal Syndrome, Substance,Withdrawal Syndromes, Substance

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