Biomaterial Database

Oxygen radicals in exsanguination-induced bronchoconstriction of guinea pigs. 1994

K R Zhou, and Y L Lai

Division of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536.

This study investigated the relationship between oxygen radicals and exsanguination-induced bronchoconstriction using antioxidant in guinea pigs. To accomplish this, two phases of studies were carried out. In phase 1, 34 guinea pigs weighing 342 +/- 11 g were divided into five groups: control (n = 7); acute dimethylthiourea (DMTU, n = 7); chronic DMTU (n = 8); superoxide dismutase (SOD, n = 6); and catalase (n = 6). Animals in the control group were not treated. DMTU, SOD, and catalase were employed for the scavenging of hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Ten additional guinea pigs weighing 293 +/- 6 g were divided into two groups in phase 2: sham (n = 6) and chronic apocynin (n = 4). Animals in the sham group received injections of the vehicle, whereas apocynin was used to suppress the production of superoxide anion. All animals were anesthetized, sternotomized, and artificially ventilated. Before (baseline) as well as at fixed intervals 5-30 minutes following the exsanguination, the maximal expiratory flow maneuver was performed and the dynamic compliance (Cdyn) was obtained. Decreases in the maximal expiratory flow at 50% baseline vital capacity and Cdyn were used as indicators of bronchoconstriction. Exsanguination in the control and sham groups caused a gradual increase in airway constriction with time that was significantly ameliorated by chronic DMTU and chronic apocynin pretreatments but was not affected by other acute treatments. These results indicate that chronic treatment with antioxidants ameliorates exsanguination-induced, tachykinin-mediated airway constriction.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D012129	Respiratory Function Tests	Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.	Lung Function Tests,Pulmonary Function Tests,Function Test, Pulmonary,Function Tests, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Function Test,Test, Pulmonary Function,Tests, Pulmonary Function,Function Test, Lung,Function Test, Respiratory,Function Tests, Lung,Function Tests, Respiratory,Lung Function Test,Respiratory Function Test,Test, Lung Function,Test, Respiratory Function,Tests, Lung Function,Tests, Respiratory Function
D001815	Bloodletting	Puncture of a vein to draw blood for therapeutic purposes. Bloodletting therapy has been used in Talmudic and Indian medicine since the medieval time, and was still practiced widely in the 18th and 19th centuries. Its modern counterpart is PHLEBOTOMY.
D005609	Free Radicals	Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. Free radicals include reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.	Free Radical
D006168	Guinea Pigs	A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.	Cavia,Cavia porcellus,Guinea Pig,Pig, Guinea,Pigs, Guinea
D000704	Analysis of Variance	A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.	ANOVA,Analysis, Variance,Variance Analysis,Analyses, Variance,Variance Analyses
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000975	Antioxidants	Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard oxidation reactions. They counteract the damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.	Anti-Oxidant,Antioxidant,Antioxidant Activity,Endogenous Antioxidant,Endogenous Antioxidants,Anti-Oxidant Effect,Anti-Oxidant Effects,Anti-Oxidants,Antioxidant Effect,Antioxidant Effects,Activity, Antioxidant,Anti Oxidant,Anti Oxidant Effect,Anti Oxidant Effects,Anti Oxidants,Antioxidant, Endogenous,Antioxidants, Endogenous
D016084	Bronchoconstriction	Narrowing of the caliber of the BRONCHI, physiologically or as a result of pharmacological intervention.	Bronchial Constriction,Bronchial Constrictions,Bronchoconstrictions,Constriction, Bronchial,Constrictions, Bronchial
D017382	Reactive Oxygen Species	Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and GENE EXPRESSION, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.	Active Oxygen Species,Oxygen Radical,Oxygen Radicals,Pro-Oxidant,Reactive Oxygen Intermediates,Active Oxygen,Oxygen Species, Reactive,Pro-Oxidants,Oxygen, Active,Pro Oxidant,Pro Oxidants,Radical, Oxygen