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The most important neurodegenerative diseases of the horse are reviewed. In addition to the literature, neurodegenerative diseases occurring in patients (horses, Mongolian Przewalski-horses, and two zebras) referred to the Utrecht Veterinary Faculty are mentioned. Neurodegenerative diseases described are: I. ataxia associated with: A/ static stenosis, B/ dynamic stenosis, C/ lesions at various locations in the central nervous system, D/ equine herpesvirus infections, E/ equine degenerative myelo-encephalopathy, or F/ cerebellar abiotrophy; II. equine motor neuron disease; III. grass sickness or equine dysautonomia; IV. postanaesthetic myelomalacia; and V. equine leuko-encephalomalacia. The patient descriptions show, that mixed forms of some of the differentiated diseases can be diagnosed. Little is known with certainty about the aetiology of the neurodegenerative lesions found. In some patients vitamin E may play a role, possibly in combination with other factors. A mycotoxin known to interfere with myelin metabolism is involved in leuko-encephalomalacia.
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