Evaluation of atrazine soil extraction methods for the determination by enzyme immunoassay and gas chromatography. 1994

P L Del Valle, and J O Nelson
Marine-Estuarine Environmental Sciences (MEES) Program, University of Maryland, College Park 20742.

Four soil extraction methods were evaluated for the determination of atrazine and other s-triazines by ELISA and GC, using both field-treated and laboratory fortified samples. The most efficient recoveries for atrazine, simazine, and cyanazine from loam soil fortified at concentrations from 0.01 ppm to 1 ppm were obtained by mechanical wrist-action shaker (1 h) using methanol:water and solid phase extraction (SPE) cleanup (standard method). A handshaking extraction (1 min) with acetonitrile:water showed fairly good correlation with the standard extraction method and is suitable for field use with ELISA. Sonication using acetonitrile:water and SPE cleanup was the most efficient extraction method for the dealkylated metabolites (deisopropyl and deethyl atrazine) with recoveries higher than 60%. In general, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was as efficient as sonication and handshaking but was more variable. A guideline for validation of immunoassays and methods comparison is given. The sensitivity of the ELISA method was comparable to the GC and was both accurate and precise. Comparison of ELISA and GC determinations of 120 field soil samples and 40 laboratory spiked soil samples extracted with four different methods showed no false negatives or positives with excellent correlations and showed not significant differences (P > 0.05). An evaluation of the cost for GC and ELISA methods was also conducted.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002849 Chromatography, Gas Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix. Chromatography, Gas-Liquid,Gas Chromatography,Chromatographies, Gas,Chromatographies, Gas-Liquid,Chromatography, Gas Liquid,Gas Chromatographies,Gas-Liquid Chromatographies,Gas-Liquid Chromatography
D004797 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed. ELISA,Assay, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent,Assays, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent,Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays,Immunosorbent Assay, Enzyme-Linked,Immunosorbent Assays, Enzyme-Linked
D005069 Evaluation Studies as Topic Works about studies that determine the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. Critique,Evaluation Indexes,Evaluation Methodology,Evaluation Report,Evaluation Research,Methodology, Evaluation,Pre-Post Tests,Qualitative Evaluation,Quantitative Evaluation,Theoretical Effectiveness,Use-Effectiveness,Critiques,Effectiveness, Theoretical,Evaluation Methodologies,Evaluation Reports,Evaluation, Qualitative,Evaluation, Quantitative,Evaluations, Qualitative,Evaluations, Quantitative,Indexes, Evaluation,Methodologies, Evaluation,Pre Post Tests,Pre-Post Test,Qualitative Evaluations,Quantitative Evaluations,Report, Evaluation,Reports, Evaluation,Research, Evaluation,Test, Pre-Post,Tests, Pre-Post,Use Effectiveness
D001280 Atrazine A selective triazine herbicide. Inhalation hazard is low and there are no apparent skin manifestations or other toxicity in humans. Acutely poisoned sheep and cattle may show muscular spasms, fasciculations, stiff gait, increased respiratory rates, adrenal degeneration, and congestion of the lungs, liver, and kidneys. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed) Gesamprim
D012989 Soil Pollutants Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading. Soil Pollutant,Pollutant, Soil,Pollutants, Soil

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