Biomaterial Database

Understanding patterns of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. 1994

A Sollbach, and A Marshall, and C Yu, and J Pennycook, and G E Wu

Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

When immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements are analyzed, several patterns emerge. The rearrangements at the various loci generally appear in a specific temporal order. In addition, within a given locus the frequency of rearrangement of the various gene segments is not equal but is skewed towards preferential rearrangement of particular gene segments. Understanding the reasons for these patterns will shed light on the mechanism of recombination, the regulation of rearrangement, and the relationship between Ig gene rearrangement and B cell development. In this review, we discuss evidence that the observed patterns of Ig gene rearrangement are due to a combination of factors including the recombination signal sequences, sequences in the coding termini, the accessibility of genetic elements to V(D)J recombinase, and cellular selection.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007136	Immunoglobulins	Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.	Globulins, Immune,Immune Globulin,Immune Globulins,Immunoglobulin,Globulin, Immune
D008969	Molecular Sequence Data	Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.	Sequence Data, Molecular,Molecular Sequencing Data,Data, Molecular Sequence,Data, Molecular Sequencing,Sequencing Data, Molecular
D011995	Recombination, Genetic	Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.	Genetic Recombination,Recombination,Genetic Recombinations,Recombinations,Recombinations, Genetic
D012045	Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid	Nucleic acid sequences involved in regulating the expression of genes.	Nucleic Acid Regulatory Sequences,Regulatory Regions, Nucleic Acid (Genetics),Region, Regulatory,Regions, Regulatory,Regulator Regions, Nucleic Acid,Regulatory Region,Regulatory Regions
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001483	Base Sequence	The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.	DNA Sequence,Nucleotide Sequence,RNA Sequence,DNA Sequences,Base Sequences,Nucleotide Sequences,RNA Sequences,Sequence, Base,Sequence, DNA,Sequence, Nucleotide,Sequence, RNA,Sequences, Base,Sequences, DNA,Sequences, Nucleotide,Sequences, RNA
D014158	Transcription, Genetic	The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.	Genetic Transcription
D015322	Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte	Ordered rearrangement of B-lymphocyte variable gene regions coding for the IMMUNOGLOBULIN CHAINS, thereby contributing to antibody diversity. It occurs during the differentiation of the IMMATURE B-LYMPHOCYTES.	B-Cell Gene Rearrangement,B-Lymphocyte Gene Rearrangement,Gene Rearrangement, B-Cell,B Cell Gene Rearrangement,B Lymphocyte Gene Rearrangement,B-Cell Gene Rearrangements,B-Lymphocyte Gene Rearrangements,Gene Rearrangement, B Cell,Gene Rearrangement, B Lymphocyte,Gene Rearrangements, B-Cell,Gene Rearrangements, B-Lymphocyte,Rearrangement, B-Cell Gene,Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte Gene,Rearrangements, B-Cell Gene,Rearrangements, B-Lymphocyte Gene