Biomaterial Database

[In vitro sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to mefloquine, quinine, amodiaquine, chloroquine, pyronaridine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine in south Yunnan]. 1994

H Yang, and P Yang, and Y Yang

Institute of Malaria Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Simao.

The sensitivity of P. falciparum to mefloquine, quinine, amodiaquine, chloroquine, pyronaridine, and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (MEF, QNN, AMO, CHL, PYR, S/P) was tested using in vitro microtest in south Yunnan Province in 1992. The ID50 were 46, 480, 52, 150, 15 and 2 x 10(4)/25 x 10(2) nmol/L, respectively; ID95 were 160, 1,536, 292, 680, 60 and 24 x 10(5)/3 x 10(5) nmol/L, respectively. All the isolates (30) were sensitive to MEF and QNN; 100% (30/30) and 96.7% (29/30) isolates were found to be resistant to AMO and CHL, the cross-resistance rate was 100% to the two drugs. One of 5 isolates exhibited resistance to PYR. The results suggest that the P. falciparum was susceptible to MEF and QNN, but was resistant to AMO, CHL and S/P. CHL-resistant P. falciparum showed a marked cross-resistance to AMO, but not to MEF, QNN, and S/P; AMO-resistant P. falciparum exhibited cross-resistance to CHL, but not to MEF, QNN, and S/P.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009287	Naphthyridines	A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a NAPHTHALENES double ring in which two carbon atoms, one per each ring, are replaced with nitrogens.
D010963	Plasmodium falciparum	A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.	Plasmodium falciparums,falciparums, Plasmodium
D011739	Pyrimethamine	One of the FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis.	Chloridin,Daraprim,Malocide,Tindurine
D011803	Quinine	An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood.	Biquinate,Legatrim,Myoquin,Quinamm,Quinbisan,Quinbisul,Quindan,Quinimax,Quinine Bisulfate,Quinine Hydrochloride,Quinine Lafran,Quinine Sulfate,Quinine Sulphate,Quinine-Odan,Quinoctal,Quinson,Quinsul,Strema,Surquina,Bisulfate, Quinine,Hydrochloride, Quinine,Sulfate, Quinine,Sulphate, Quinine
D002738	Chloroquine	The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.	Aralen,Arechine,Arequin,Chingamin,Chlorochin,Chloroquine Sulfate,Chloroquine Sulphate,Khingamin,Nivaquine,Sulfate, Chloroquine,Sulphate, Chloroquine
D004338	Drug Combinations	Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.	Drug Combination,Combination, Drug,Combinations, Drug
D004351	Drug Resistance	Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.	Resistance, Drug
D000655	Amodiaquine	A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.	Amodiachin,Amodiaquin,Amodiaquine Hydrochloride,Camoquin,Camoquine,Flavoquine,Hydrochloride, Amodiaquine
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000962	Antimalarials	Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action against plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1585)	Anti-Malarial,Antimalarial,Antimalarial Agent,Antimalarial Drug,Anti-Malarials,Antimalarial Agents,Antimalarial Drugs,Agent, Antimalarial,Agents, Antimalarial,Anti Malarial,Anti Malarials,Drug, Antimalarial,Drugs, Antimalarial