The location of neurons in the caudal medulla oblongata that project to the superficial or deep dorsal horn was studied in the rat, by means of retrograde labelling from confined spinal injection sites. The tracer cholera toxin subunit B was injected into laminae I-III (fuve rats) or I-V (three rats) at C4-7 spinal segments. Neurons projecting to the superficial dorsal horn were located in the dorsomedial part of the dorsal reticular nucleus ipsilaterally, the subnucleus commissuralis of the nucleus tractus solitarius bilaterally, and a region occupying the lateralmost part of the ventrolateral reticular formation between the lateral reticular nucleus and the caudal pole of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, pars caudalis, bilaterally. Neurons projecting to the deep dorsal horn, which were only labelled when laminae I-V were filled by the tracer, occurred in the dorsomedial and ventrolateral parts of the dorsal reticular nucleus and in the ventral reticular nucleus bilaterally. A few cells were located in the above described lateralmost portion of the ventrolateral reticular formation bilaterally and in the ventral portion of the ipsilateral cuneate nucleus. In the light of previous data demonstrating that dorsal horn neurons project to the dorsal reticular nucleus, the ventrolateral reticular formation, and the nucleus tractus solitarius, and that neurons in these three medullary regions are involved in pain inhibition at the spinal level, the descending projections demonstrated here suggest the occurrence of spino-medullary-spinal loops mediating the analgesic actions elicited in each nucleus upon the arrival of nociceptive input from the dorsal horn.